hep03-baten 222864 en
... inequality is correlated positively with growth. Hence, we have an on-going debate that is certainly indicating the importance of inequality studies by economists. The first and central question of this paper is whether openness impacts on inequality in developing countries. Our expectation is that ...
... inequality is correlated positively with growth. Hence, we have an on-going debate that is certainly indicating the importance of inequality studies by economists. The first and central question of this paper is whether openness impacts on inequality in developing countries. Our expectation is that ...
Monetary Policy Strategy: Lessons from the Crisis
... industrialized countries eventually climbing above 10 percent in the 1970s, leading to what has been dubbed “The Great Inflation.” The tradeoff suggested by Samuelson and Solow was hotly contested by Milton Friedman (1968) and Edmund Phelps (1968), who independently argued that there was no long-ru ...
... industrialized countries eventually climbing above 10 percent in the 1970s, leading to what has been dubbed “The Great Inflation.” The tradeoff suggested by Samuelson and Solow was hotly contested by Milton Friedman (1968) and Edmund Phelps (1968), who independently argued that there was no long-ru ...
Unpacking the Multiplier: Making Sense of
... cacy o f the stim ulus treat the m ultiplier as singular, claim ing that the fraction o f new spending that displaces existing production is always at or near one, or the fraction o f tax reductions spent by beneficiaries is always at or near zero. Robert Barro (2009), for exam ple, focuses on crow ...
... cacy o f the stim ulus treat the m ultiplier as singular, claim ing that the fraction o f new spending that displaces existing production is always at or near one, or the fraction o f tax reductions spent by beneficiaries is always at or near zero. Robert Barro (2009), for exam ple, focuses on crow ...
Monetary Policy Strategy: Lessons from the Crisis
... Under this view, the policymaker would have to choose between two competing goals--inflation and unemployment--and decide how high an inflation rate he or she would be willing to accept to attain a lower unemployment rate. Indeed, Samuelson and Solow even mentioned that a nonperfectionist goal of a ...
... Under this view, the policymaker would have to choose between two competing goals--inflation and unemployment--and decide how high an inflation rate he or she would be willing to accept to attain a lower unemployment rate. Indeed, Samuelson and Solow even mentioned that a nonperfectionist goal of a ...
Economic Growth - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... • The U.S. labor force grew faster than the population during the 1990s. – The labor force includes all persons over age sixteen who are either working for pay or actively seeking paid employment. ...
... • The U.S. labor force grew faster than the population during the 1990s. – The labor force includes all persons over age sixteen who are either working for pay or actively seeking paid employment. ...
native rendition - European Commission
... look at the hotels’ websites. The available information is mostly generated by the hotel itself and hence not very comparable and transparent. Also, the search can be cumbersome, because guests have to switch back and forth between a hotel’s website and the search engine.3 Because of its user-friend ...
... look at the hotels’ websites. The available information is mostly generated by the hotel itself and hence not very comparable and transparent. Also, the search can be cumbersome, because guests have to switch back and forth between a hotel’s website and the search engine.3 Because of its user-friend ...
University of Economics, Prague
... individual disciplines of AI with a special focus on their utilization in support of decisionmaking. A particular emphasis is given to learning approches to solving decision-making problems of classification type, to the methods of reducing the dimensionality of decisionmaking problems and selecting ...
... individual disciplines of AI with a special focus on their utilization in support of decisionmaking. A particular emphasis is given to learning approches to solving decision-making problems of classification type, to the methods of reducing the dimensionality of decisionmaking problems and selecting ...
Business Cycles and Financial Crises
... Perhaps the most widely quoted and influential definition is that of Burns and Mitchell (1946, p.l)1 who state that: Business cycles are a type of fluctuation found in the aggregate economic activity of nations that organise their work mainly in business enterprises: a cycle consists of expansions o ...
... Perhaps the most widely quoted and influential definition is that of Burns and Mitchell (1946, p.l)1 who state that: Business cycles are a type of fluctuation found in the aggregate economic activity of nations that organise their work mainly in business enterprises: a cycle consists of expansions o ...
Foreign Capital Flows and Defense Expenditures: Looney, R.E.
... 2. On the other hand, the overall level of total public external debt in 1982 averaged nearly 4.5 times as much for Group II (relatively resourceunconstrained) countries than was the case for Group I countries. 3. The level of international reserves was also much higher for Group II countries-nearly ...
... 2. On the other hand, the overall level of total public external debt in 1982 averaged nearly 4.5 times as much for Group II (relatively resourceunconstrained) countries than was the case for Group I countries. 3. The level of international reserves was also much higher for Group II countries-nearly ...
Chapter 24 The Great Depression
... Monetary Policy – Federal Reserve increases discount rate = contraction in $ supply Just when banks need $ to avoid failure, Fed refuses to act Americans save $ instead of spending Mr. Robson, Hicksville High School ...
... Monetary Policy – Federal Reserve increases discount rate = contraction in $ supply Just when banks need $ to avoid failure, Fed refuses to act Americans save $ instead of spending Mr. Robson, Hicksville High School ...
Debt Limits and the Structure of Public Debt
... In terms of indexing debt to state-variables, Krugman (1988) and Froot and others (1989) proposed explicitly linking debt to commodity prices, exports and real GDP. This initial wave of interest was triggered by the Latin American debt crisis, which illustrated the economic damage caused by prolonge ...
... In terms of indexing debt to state-variables, Krugman (1988) and Froot and others (1989) proposed explicitly linking debt to commodity prices, exports and real GDP. This initial wave of interest was triggered by the Latin American debt crisis, which illustrated the economic damage caused by prolonge ...
The Impact of Foreign Interest Rates on the Economy:
... advantage over previous research, in that we are able to use time controls and focus on the specific effect of the base interest rate. Thus, our panel allows us to strip out both individual country effects and worldwide movements in growth rates providing a better identification of the effect we stu ...
... advantage over previous research, in that we are able to use time controls and focus on the specific effect of the base interest rate. Thus, our panel allows us to strip out both individual country effects and worldwide movements in growth rates providing a better identification of the effect we stu ...
Institutionalism and the `Common Man` through the Lens of Philip
... His eclectic theory is also of limited value for monitoring, forecasting, and—an essential part of institutionalism—real-world problem solving. To be sure, the theory—which, Klein (1994, 247) recognized that some would prefer to call a classification scheme or taxonomy—can accommodate an array of ca ...
... His eclectic theory is also of limited value for monitoring, forecasting, and—an essential part of institutionalism—real-world problem solving. To be sure, the theory—which, Klein (1994, 247) recognized that some would prefer to call a classification scheme or taxonomy—can accommodate an array of ca ...
Standing in the way of development?
... centre-stage in political debates about the role of the state, including in the regulation of finance for the public good. Long out of fashion, “Keynesian” approaches such as deficitfinancing, loose monetary policies and countercyclical fiscal stimuli have been embraced once again, as policy-makers ...
... centre-stage in political debates about the role of the state, including in the regulation of finance for the public good. Long out of fashion, “Keynesian” approaches such as deficitfinancing, loose monetary policies and countercyclical fiscal stimuli have been embraced once again, as policy-makers ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES Takatoshi Ito Working Paper 15726
... wake of European devaluation that preceded Japan’s devaluation by several months, and partly due to large fiscal stimulus and an increase in imports. (See Ito, Okina, and Teranishi (1993) for events in detail for the fast depreciation period in 1931-33.) Before the WW II, the nominal yen depreciated ...
... wake of European devaluation that preceded Japan’s devaluation by several months, and partly due to large fiscal stimulus and an increase in imports. (See Ito, Okina, and Teranishi (1993) for events in detail for the fast depreciation period in 1931-33.) Before the WW II, the nominal yen depreciated ...
The economic impact of physics research in the UK
... The global market for MRI systems is significant in size and is growing quickly. Estimates suggest the global market was worth about £4.3 billion in 2010 and is expected to grow to around £6.2 billion by 2015, equivalent to an annual growth of 7.7% a year. The MRI industry is also very important ...
... The global market for MRI systems is significant in size and is growing quickly. Estimates suggest the global market was worth about £4.3 billion in 2010 and is expected to grow to around £6.2 billion by 2015, equivalent to an annual growth of 7.7% a year. The MRI industry is also very important ...
Productivity is acyclical: Evidence from over a century of labor
... example if low quality workers were fired during recessions, which would make the remaining production workers more productivity. Labor hoarding, where workers are kept on during recession so they are ready to produce during the upswings, would also potentially cause differences between the two pro ...
... example if low quality workers were fired during recessions, which would make the remaining production workers more productivity. Labor hoarding, where workers are kept on during recession so they are ready to produce during the upswings, would also potentially cause differences between the two pro ...
Inflation Targeting under Imperfect Knowledge Athanasios Orphanides John C. Williams *
... In this paper, we reexamine the role of key elements of the inflation targeting framework towards this end, in the context of an economy where economic agents have an imperfect understanding of the macroeconomic landscape within which the public forms expectations and policymakers must formulate and ...
... In this paper, we reexamine the role of key elements of the inflation targeting framework towards this end, in the context of an economy where economic agents have an imperfect understanding of the macroeconomic landscape within which the public forms expectations and policymakers must formulate and ...
2015 Intergenerational Report Australia in 2055
... Of the three key drivers of economic growth, productivity has historically been the most important to Australia’s economic performance. Put simply, productivity is about working more efficiently or producing more or better quality goods and services with the same level of resources. Australia has en ...
... Of the three key drivers of economic growth, productivity has historically been the most important to Australia’s economic performance. Put simply, productivity is about working more efficiently or producing more or better quality goods and services with the same level of resources. Australia has en ...
PPT chapter 11 - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... • Transfer of deposits to non-bank financial institutions • Excess reserves – Individual banks may choose to have a ‘safety margin’ so that reserves are larger than required (say 25% instead of 20%). ...
... • Transfer of deposits to non-bank financial institutions • Excess reserves – Individual banks may choose to have a ‘safety margin’ so that reserves are larger than required (say 25% instead of 20%). ...
Urbanization with and without industrialization
... ables and non-tradables.3 An exogenous increase in resource export earnings raises incomes, which in turn increases demand for all types of output. The export earnings from resources are used to purchase additional food and other tradable goods on the world market; meanwhile, the increased demand fo ...
... ables and non-tradables.3 An exogenous increase in resource export earnings raises incomes, which in turn increases demand for all types of output. The export earnings from resources are used to purchase additional food and other tradable goods on the world market; meanwhile, the increased demand fo ...
Index of National Fundraising Performance
... Non-profit giving trends are not limited to simple parallels with national economic growth, however. The Foundation has reported in their publication Giving USA that during hard economic times, charitable giving falls as a percentage of national Gross Domestic Product (GDP)2. This means that as the ...
... Non-profit giving trends are not limited to simple parallels with national economic growth, however. The Foundation has reported in their publication Giving USA that during hard economic times, charitable giving falls as a percentage of national Gross Domestic Product (GDP)2. This means that as the ...
Post–World War II economic expansion
""Golden Age of capitalism"" redirects here. Other periods this term may refer to are Gilded Age and Belle Époque.The post–World War II economic expansion, also known as the postwar economic boom, the long boom, and the Golden Age of Capitalism, was a period of economic prosperity in the mid-20th century which occurred, following the end of World War II in 1945, and lasted until the early 1970s. It ended with the collapse of the Bretton Woods system in 1971, the 1973 oil crisis, and the 1973–1974 stock market crash, which led to the 1970s recession. Narrowly defined, the period spanned from 1945 to 1952, with overall growth lasting well until 1971, though there are some debates on dating the period, and booms in individual countries differed, some starting as early as 1945, and overlapping the rise of the East Asian economies into the 1980s or 1990s.During this time there was high worldwide economic growth; Western European and East Asian countries in particular experienced unusually high and sustained growth, together with full employment. Contrary to early predictions, this high growth also included many countries that had been devastated by the war, such as Greece (Greek economic miracle), West Germany (Wirtschaftswunder), France (Trente Glorieuses), Japan (Japanese post-war economic miracle), and Italy (Italian economic miracle).