The Effect of Salinity on the Wind
... the heat is lost, mainly off Japan. (The regions of gain and loss are shown in Fig. 1b, a map of heat fluxes across the ocean surface.) The wind-driven ventilated thermocline circulation determines the thermal structure of the upper ocean in the Tropics and subtropics. It essentially maps latitudina ...
... the heat is lost, mainly off Japan. (The regions of gain and loss are shown in Fig. 1b, a map of heat fluxes across the ocean surface.) The wind-driven ventilated thermocline circulation determines the thermal structure of the upper ocean in the Tropics and subtropics. It essentially maps latitudina ...
Coral Bleaching, an Imminent Threat to Marine Biodiversity
... water temperature exceeds seasonal mean maximum temperature over a short period of time which varies according to observed sites. However, for thirty years, the ocean mean temperature has been steadily ...
... water temperature exceeds seasonal mean maximum temperature over a short period of time which varies according to observed sites. However, for thirty years, the ocean mean temperature has been steadily ...
Bice, K. L., E. J. Barron, and W. H. Peterson,... Eocene paleobathymetry and ocean GCM sensitivity to specified basin
... the lower eight layers, representing ocean depths from 1335 – 5200 m, have an average layer thickness of 483 m.) The model assumes the seafloor age-depth relationship (Parsons and Sclater, 1977) d(t) = 2500 + 350(t)1/2 ...
... the lower eight layers, representing ocean depths from 1335 – 5200 m, have an average layer thickness of 483 m.) The model assumes the seafloor age-depth relationship (Parsons and Sclater, 1977) d(t) = 2500 + 350(t)1/2 ...
the Education Guide
... deep ocean. It is a world more amazing and alien than anything one can imagine. This vast environment contains the greatest diversity of life, yet we have explored surprisingly little of it. It is home to some of the strangest creatures living under some of the most inhospitable conditions on the pl ...
... deep ocean. It is a world more amazing and alien than anything one can imagine. This vast environment contains the greatest diversity of life, yet we have explored surprisingly little of it. It is home to some of the strangest creatures living under some of the most inhospitable conditions on the pl ...
Caring for our Common Home
... Below is a summary of the five key environmental issues Caritas is monitoring each year for their impact on people and communities through our ‘State of the environment report for Oceania’. It includes our snapshot assessment of how much each issue has impacted people’s lives in Oceania in 2015. Car ...
... Below is a summary of the five key environmental issues Caritas is monitoring each year for their impact on people and communities through our ‘State of the environment report for Oceania’. It includes our snapshot assessment of how much each issue has impacted people’s lives in Oceania in 2015. Car ...
Notes on the Ocean Circulation for Climate Understanding
... changed drastically, but the new understanding has not yet been widely disseminated, leaving the public and much of the science community with an incorrect understanding of the nature of the ocean. Although it sometimes appears to be conveniently forgotten, the ocean is a fluid, and one of it’s majo ...
... changed drastically, but the new understanding has not yet been widely disseminated, leaving the public and much of the science community with an incorrect understanding of the nature of the ocean. Although it sometimes appears to be conveniently forgotten, the ocean is a fluid, and one of it’s majo ...
Water-mass transformation by sea ice in the
... that expanded Antarctic sea ice during the last glacial period was accompanied by a more vigorous AABW overturning circulation28,29 . From the ocean’s perspective, however, it is sea-ice freshwater transport, rather than extent, that matters most. SOSE’s short six-year time period does not permit us ...
... that expanded Antarctic sea ice during the last glacial period was accompanied by a more vigorous AABW overturning circulation28,29 . From the ocean’s perspective, however, it is sea-ice freshwater transport, rather than extent, that matters most. SOSE’s short six-year time period does not permit us ...
Chapter 16: The Marine Environment
... Waves move faster in deep water than in shallow water. This difference in wave speed causes initially straight wave crests to bend when part of the crest moves into shallow water, a process known as wave refraction, illustrated in Figure 16-1. Along an irregular coast with headlands and bays, the wa ...
... Waves move faster in deep water than in shallow water. This difference in wave speed causes initially straight wave crests to bend when part of the crest moves into shallow water, a process known as wave refraction, illustrated in Figure 16-1. Along an irregular coast with headlands and bays, the wa ...
North Atlantic and Arctic Region, Working Group 2
... part of the North Atlantic is quite different in terms of the degree of acidification, which is higher in the North, and in terms of the organisms and ecosystems affected. The northern part of the North Atlantic is boarded to the west by Canada and the United States, while the eastern part is adjace ...
... part of the North Atlantic is quite different in terms of the degree of acidification, which is higher in the North, and in terms of the organisms and ecosystems affected. The northern part of the North Atlantic is boarded to the west by Canada and the United States, while the eastern part is adjace ...
Salinity Patterns in the Ocean
... interior, and (2) vertical convection and brine rejection at higher latitudes. Flow down along constant density surfaces is primarily through a process called subduction, occurring in subtropical regions between about 15° and 40 ° S and N latitude. In this process, waters in the surface mixed layer ...
... interior, and (2) vertical convection and brine rejection at higher latitudes. Flow down along constant density surfaces is primarily through a process called subduction, occurring in subtropical regions between about 15° and 40 ° S and N latitude. In this process, waters in the surface mixed layer ...
Powerpoint slides
... Probable characteristics and future fate of tsunami debris: - 1-2 million tons of tsunami debris are still floating at the ocean surface - density of debris is very low – two objects can hardly be seen at the same time - only 1-5% percent of this amount will affect the coast line in the next 2-3 ye ...
... Probable characteristics and future fate of tsunami debris: - 1-2 million tons of tsunami debris are still floating at the ocean surface - density of debris is very low – two objects can hardly be seen at the same time - only 1-5% percent of this amount will affect the coast line in the next 2-3 ye ...
Dohan, K., and N. Maximenko, 2010: Monitoring ocean currents with
... areas of the extensions can be found in Fu et al. (2010). In the Southern Ocean however, the westerlies force a strong current that flows from east to west, called the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). With no continents to force boundary currents, the motion of this current is similar to that of ...
... areas of the extensions can be found in Fu et al. (2010). In the Southern Ocean however, the westerlies force a strong current that flows from east to west, called the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). With no continents to force boundary currents, the motion of this current is similar to that of ...
Effect of global ocean temperature change on deep ocean ventilation
... Toggweiler [2001], with landmasses at both poles and two rectangular ocean basins (Figure 2). The basin representing the Indo-Pacific has double the width of the Atlantic basin. Below, we refer to the Indo-Pacific basin simply as the Pacific. The continents that separate the basins are long, thin la ...
... Toggweiler [2001], with landmasses at both poles and two rectangular ocean basins (Figure 2). The basin representing the Indo-Pacific has double the width of the Atlantic basin. Below, we refer to the Indo-Pacific basin simply as the Pacific. The continents that separate the basins are long, thin la ...
as a PDF
... effect of generating support for further marine research and for governmental and/or corporate stewardship of marine resources, In the USA, perhaps the most visible spokesperson for this movement has been publicist/authof/burcaucrat/oceanographcr Sylvia Earle, supported by a marine research and deve ...
... effect of generating support for further marine research and for governmental and/or corporate stewardship of marine resources, In the USA, perhaps the most visible spokesperson for this movement has been publicist/authof/burcaucrat/oceanographcr Sylvia Earle, supported by a marine research and deve ...
Sediment classification, part 2
... – All parts of the ocean receive windborne dust. • This is the primary way that lithogenous material from regions far from the ocean reach the sea. • Windborne (aeolian) material makes up much of the red and brown clays of the mid-ocean basins, especially at about 30 degrees North latitude and 30 de ...
... – All parts of the ocean receive windborne dust. • This is the primary way that lithogenous material from regions far from the ocean reach the sea. • Windborne (aeolian) material makes up much of the red and brown clays of the mid-ocean basins, especially at about 30 degrees North latitude and 30 de ...
Zonally asymmetric response of the Southern Ocean mixed
... Interactions between the atmosphere and ocean are mediated by the mixed layer at the ocean surface. The depth of this layer is determined by wind forcing and heating from the atmosphere. Variations in mixed-layer depth affect the rate of exchange between the atmosphere and deeper ocean, the capacity ...
... Interactions between the atmosphere and ocean are mediated by the mixed layer at the ocean surface. The depth of this layer is determined by wind forcing and heating from the atmosphere. Variations in mixed-layer depth affect the rate of exchange between the atmosphere and deeper ocean, the capacity ...
Atmosphere-Ocean Coupling and Surface Circulation of the Ocean
... circulation of the deep ocean is referred to as thermohaline circuZation (“thenno” means “temperature,” and “haline” means “related to salinity or salt content”), a subject considered in Chapter 11. Although only a relatively thin layer of the surface ocean is directly moved by the wind, global patt ...
... circulation of the deep ocean is referred to as thermohaline circuZation (“thenno” means “temperature,” and “haline” means “related to salinity or salt content”), a subject considered in Chapter 11. Although only a relatively thin layer of the surface ocean is directly moved by the wind, global patt ...
BIG SCIENCE - Ocean Networks Canada
... was released into the atmosphere that weakened the polar vortex and changed the shape and position of the jet stream, so much so that fewer storms occurred in the northeast Pacific, keeping the water warmer than normal. When the abnormally warm patch of water—which quickly became known as the warm B ...
... was released into the atmosphere that weakened the polar vortex and changed the shape and position of the jet stream, so much so that fewer storms occurred in the northeast Pacific, keeping the water warmer than normal. When the abnormally warm patch of water—which quickly became known as the warm B ...
Changes in the ventilation of the southern oceans
... phase [27].) Figure 4a shows the zonal-mean ideal age from year 863 of the control experiment, which is the initial date for the PERT experiments. In upper waters the ideal age in the control run is in steady state, but for deeper waters the age is still slowly increasing, e.g. there is an increase ...
... phase [27].) Figure 4a shows the zonal-mean ideal age from year 863 of the control experiment, which is the initial date for the PERT experiments. In upper waters the ideal age in the control run is in steady state, but for deeper waters the age is still slowly increasing, e.g. there is an increase ...
Answers to: Ocean Clean Up Coming Now
... About a thousand miles off the coast of California floats one of mankind's dirtiest little secrets. Or at least it was a secret before the late '90s, when a seafaring scientist stumbled upon it in horror. It's a floating dump in the ocean, big enough to hold one or two Texases or maybe all of North ...
... About a thousand miles off the coast of California floats one of mankind's dirtiest little secrets. Or at least it was a secret before the late '90s, when a seafaring scientist stumbled upon it in horror. It's a floating dump in the ocean, big enough to hold one or two Texases or maybe all of North ...
Ocean Thermodynamics
... activity. The trends appear irreversible and solutions to the problem could therefore come from deeper understanding of the processes and if it leads to development of newer technologies to control the runaway increase of CO2 on this planet, that would surely mean no small fortune to mankind. More s ...
... activity. The trends appear irreversible and solutions to the problem could therefore come from deeper understanding of the processes and if it leads to development of newer technologies to control the runaway increase of CO2 on this planet, that would surely mean no small fortune to mankind. More s ...
Warming of Global Abyssal and Deep Southern Ocean Waters
... Here we make quantitative global estimates of recent (1990s to 2000s) deep and abyssal ocean warming, mostly within or originating from the Southern Ocean. We use repeat hydrographic section data to quantify temperature trends in two regions of the world’s oceans: the global abyssal ocean defined h ...
... Here we make quantitative global estimates of recent (1990s to 2000s) deep and abyssal ocean warming, mostly within or originating from the Southern Ocean. We use repeat hydrographic section data to quantify temperature trends in two regions of the world’s oceans: the global abyssal ocean defined h ...
Estimation of the Barrier Layer Thickness in the Indian Ocean using
... • Performance is poor in the Southeast Arabian Sea due to the complexity of processes in this region. • HYCOM tends to underestimate the barrier layer thickness throughout the Indian Ocean. • Assimilating remotely sensed SSS into global ocean models will likely improve barrier layer representatio ...
... • Performance is poor in the Southeast Arabian Sea due to the complexity of processes in this region. • HYCOM tends to underestimate the barrier layer thickness throughout the Indian Ocean. • Assimilating remotely sensed SSS into global ocean models will likely improve barrier layer representatio ...
Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south and is bounded by Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east.At 165.25 million square kilometers (63.8 million square miles) in area, this largest division of the World Ocean—and, in turn, the hydrosphere—covers about 46% of the Earth's water surface and about one-third of its total surface area, making it larger than all of the Earth's land area combined. The equator subdivides it into the North Pacific Ocean and South Pacific Ocean, with two exceptions: the Galápagos and Gilbert Islands, while straddling the equator, are deemed wholly within the South Pacific. The Mariana Trench in the western North Pacific is the deepest point in the world, reaching a depth of 10,911 metres (35,797 ft).The eastern Pacific Ocean was first sighted by Europeans in the early 16th century when Spanish explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa crossed the Isthmus of Panama in 1513 and discovered the great ""southern sea"" which he named Mar del Sur. The ocean's current name was coined by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan during the Spanish circumnavigation of the world in 1521, as he encountered favourable winds on reaching the ocean. He therefore called it Mar Pacifico in Portuguese, meaning ""peaceful sea"".