A Study of Word Order Variation in German, with Special Reference
... deal with word order variation in Machine Translation. It specially refers to modifier placement, as modifiers are generally neglected in linguistic (word order) description. The order of phrases in free word order languages is not entirely free, as some variations can be ungrammatical, and further ...
... deal with word order variation in Machine Translation. It specially refers to modifier placement, as modifiers are generally neglected in linguistic (word order) description. The order of phrases in free word order languages is not entirely free, as some variations can be ungrammatical, and further ...
1. Introduction - UCL Phonetics and Linguistics
... leading utterances in (4) and (6), I don’t know about John, but... and I don’t know about the pasta.... They indicate that the following utterances are going to be about an alternative subject and object, respectively. On the other hand, contrastive wa-phrases in-situ do not share the ‘aboutness’ re ...
... leading utterances in (4) and (6), I don’t know about John, but... and I don’t know about the pasta.... They indicate that the following utterances are going to be about an alternative subject and object, respectively. On the other hand, contrastive wa-phrases in-situ do not share the ‘aboutness’ re ...
LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS
... These facts clearly indicate that the structure of all languages must be based on the nature of man. This is not an original idea; indeed, much of the current work in linguistics in all theoretical frameworks proceeds from this position. For example, it is basic to Chomsky’s concept of linguistic un ...
... These facts clearly indicate that the structure of all languages must be based on the nature of man. This is not an original idea; indeed, much of the current work in linguistics in all theoretical frameworks proceeds from this position. For example, it is basic to Chomsky’s concept of linguistic un ...
Focus and the LF of NP quantification
... assumes that unlike strong NPs weak NPs are non-quantificational and receive their quantificational force through existential closure . Extending the scope of Milsark's analysis so as to also account for those weak NPs which d o not occur in there-insertion sentences she argues, first, that all weak ...
... assumes that unlike strong NPs weak NPs are non-quantificational and receive their quantificational force through existential closure . Extending the scope of Milsark's analysis so as to also account for those weak NPs which d o not occur in there-insertion sentences she argues, first, that all weak ...
Topicalisation and Left-Dislocation in European Portuguese Robert
... Topicalisation (TOP) and clitic left-dislocation (CLLD) are syntactic strategies in which some constituent occurs sentence-initially rather than in canonical position further to the right. European Portuguese is exceptional among Romance languages, as both TOP and CLLD can be used to place verbal ar ...
... Topicalisation (TOP) and clitic left-dislocation (CLLD) are syntactic strategies in which some constituent occurs sentence-initially rather than in canonical position further to the right. European Portuguese is exceptional among Romance languages, as both TOP and CLLD can be used to place verbal ar ...
CEBUANO LANGUAGE OBJECTIVES
... The first principle to be discussed will be nouns. Nouns are usually one of the following: person, place, or thing. In English, nouns are marked with the articles “a” or “the” (like “the gospel” or “a copy of the Book of Mormon”). In Cebuano there is a similar idea. Every Cebuano noun in a sentence ...
... The first principle to be discussed will be nouns. Nouns are usually one of the following: person, place, or thing. In English, nouns are marked with the articles “a” or “the” (like “the gospel” or “a copy of the Book of Mormon”). In Cebuano there is a similar idea. Every Cebuano noun in a sentence ...
Word order and information structure in Makhuwa
... alternation in the conjugational system. The CJ/DJ alternation has been noted and described by linguists like Meeussen (1959) and Sharman (1956), but only received explicit attention in the last decades (Kosch 1988, Creissels 1996). A relation has been suggested between this alternation and focus (e ...
... alternation in the conjugational system. The CJ/DJ alternation has been noted and described by linguists like Meeussen (1959) and Sharman (1956), but only received explicit attention in the last decades (Kosch 1988, Creissels 1996). A relation has been suggested between this alternation and focus (e ...
Open Access version via Utrecht University Repository
... emphasis, although he does not use the same terminology used in this thesis. He finds half of his cleft examples to have a contrastive function, as it would be called in this thesis.7 It is shown in this thesis that the contrastive function may even be more ...
... emphasis, although he does not use the same terminology used in this thesis. He finds half of his cleft examples to have a contrastive function, as it would be called in this thesis.7 It is shown in this thesis that the contrastive function may even be more ...
inquiries into the lexicon-syntax relations in basque
... which are formally reflexives (Mendikoetxea 1999) are treated as absolutive intransitive verbs in Basque borrowings, and he demonstrates that in fact, the tendency to use an ergative case marking with intransitive borrowed verbs (Sarasola 1979) is restricted to non-reflexive (most of the time agenti ...
... which are formally reflexives (Mendikoetxea 1999) are treated as absolutive intransitive verbs in Basque borrowings, and he demonstrates that in fact, the tendency to use an ergative case marking with intransitive borrowed verbs (Sarasola 1979) is restricted to non-reflexive (most of the time agenti ...
pdf
... category in object position has no legitimate status: it cannot be a variable, as there is no quantifier to bind it, nor can it fulfill the conditions of any other type of ec (PRO, pro or DPtrace)”. This approach not only explains why topicalization in JC may bring about the filling of its base posi ...
... category in object position has no legitimate status: it cannot be a variable, as there is no quantifier to bind it, nor can it fulfill the conditions of any other type of ec (PRO, pro or DPtrace)”. This approach not only explains why topicalization in JC may bring about the filling of its base posi ...
A. Niccacci--Marked Syntactical Structures in Biblical
... This analysis is irrefutable. What raises the interest, or the new element, is the predicate; what is already known, or the given element, is the subject. For my part, I would rather speak of syntactical, instead of ‘logical’, predicate and subject in order avoid the impression that something of an ...
... This analysis is irrefutable. What raises the interest, or the new element, is the predicate; what is already known, or the given element, is the subject. For my part, I would rather speak of syntactical, instead of ‘logical’, predicate and subject in order avoid the impression that something of an ...
1 Title: ERRORS IN THE TRANSLATION OF TOPIC
... This paper is based on the claim that Rosen (1998) has proved in her PhD thesis, that topic-comment constructions and empty elements are basic constructions in the Vietnamese language. According to Rosen’s (1998) classification, there are five types of relations that may exist between a Noun Phrase ...
... This paper is based on the claim that Rosen (1998) has proved in her PhD thesis, that topic-comment constructions and empty elements are basic constructions in the Vietnamese language. According to Rosen’s (1998) classification, there are five types of relations that may exist between a Noun Phrase ...
Life after PCFGs? 1 Problems with CFGs 2 CFGs and features
... factor of the grammar size squared in the worst case). 2. By writing down rules that are nearly redundant, we have failed to capture the right generalization: what we want to say is that the NP Subject agrees with the VP (and Verb) no matter what the features are. Put another way, the grammar would ...
... factor of the grammar size squared in the worst case). 2. By writing down rules that are nearly redundant, we have failed to capture the right generalization: what we want to say is that the NP Subject agrees with the VP (and Verb) no matter what the features are. Put another way, the grammar would ...
Inversion
... subject position. It is precisely by virtue of such a relation (sometimes called CHAIN) that the subject is allowed to be found in the low VP area.2 The spirit of this traditional GB-style account3 is essentially preserved in recent treatments of inversion type phenomena developed under minimalist a ...
... subject position. It is precisely by virtue of such a relation (sometimes called CHAIN) that the subject is allowed to be found in the low VP area.2 The spirit of this traditional GB-style account3 is essentially preserved in recent treatments of inversion type phenomena developed under minimalist a ...
Up above as a Complex Preposition
... (7) It was good to be a flyer, up above it all, godlike in your vision. (BNC G0L 707) (8) My lad took me blackberryin' a month or two back, up above the quarry, and I seen'em.’ (BNC HTH 634) The string can be used as a place adverbial: (9) And now fly up above the forest, and take on a human form. ( ...
... (7) It was good to be a flyer, up above it all, godlike in your vision. (BNC G0L 707) (8) My lad took me blackberryin' a month or two back, up above the quarry, and I seen'em.’ (BNC HTH 634) The string can be used as a place adverbial: (9) And now fly up above the forest, and take on a human form. ( ...
Lambrecht 2000
... In previous work (Lambrecht 1986, 1994) I have argued that the pragmatic structuring of propositions into presupposed and non-presupposed portions is done cross-linguistically in terms of a small number of types of focus articulation or , which correspond to different types of communi ...
... In previous work (Lambrecht 1986, 1994) I have argued that the pragmatic structuring of propositions into presupposed and non-presupposed portions is done cross-linguistically in terms of a small number of types of focus articulation or , which correspond to different types of communi ...
Verb-Initial Clauses in Ancient Greek Prose
... same goes for word order in verse, where issues of meter, as well as the highly stylistically marked nature of at least some Greek verse, present significant complications (on word order in Greek tragedy, see Dik 2007). It therefore seemed best allosentences in a given discourse context has been wel ...
... same goes for word order in verse, where issues of meter, as well as the highly stylistically marked nature of at least some Greek verse, present significant complications (on word order in Greek tragedy, see Dik 2007). It therefore seemed best allosentences in a given discourse context has been wel ...
“Inversion” and focalization
... hypothesis would be to assume that it is as low as its original VP-internal position.9 If this is the case the obvious question arises as to how it is licensed in such low position. It is currently assumed that Case is the (morpho)syntactic feature that is crucial in the licensing of overt noun phra ...
... hypothesis would be to assume that it is as low as its original VP-internal position.9 If this is the case the obvious question arises as to how it is licensed in such low position. It is currently assumed that Case is the (morpho)syntactic feature that is crucial in the licensing of overt noun phra ...
Verb Movement and Constituent Permutation in Basque
... Nevertheless, the assumption that there is a basic (underlying) order from which the other possible orders are derived seems necessary in any case. In fact, unless we assume this, it is problematic for us to explain why certain constituent orders are unacceptable while others render perfectly well-f ...
... Nevertheless, the assumption that there is a basic (underlying) order from which the other possible orders are derived seems necessary in any case. In fact, unless we assume this, it is problematic for us to explain why certain constituent orders are unacceptable while others render perfectly well-f ...
Sentence variety exercise 4
... 2. Write a sentence that contains a restrictive present participial phrase that should not be set off with commas. 3. Use the word “dancing” in a sentence, and write a non-restrictive participial phrase. 4. Change the word “fight” into a present participle, add other words to make it a participial p ...
... 2. Write a sentence that contains a restrictive present participial phrase that should not be set off with commas. 3. Use the word “dancing” in a sentence, and write a non-restrictive participial phrase. 4. Change the word “fight” into a present participle, add other words to make it a participial p ...
Information structure and grammaticalization
... copula with non-verbal predicates.7 If both are missing, the main clause of a cleft sentence reduces to the focused constituent. The extrafocal clause commonly takes the form of a complement clause subordinated by the universal subordinator (‘that’). It is open in the sense that one of its arguments ...
... copula with non-verbal predicates.7 If both are missing, the main clause of a cleft sentence reduces to the focused constituent. The extrafocal clause commonly takes the form of a complement clause subordinated by the universal subordinator (‘that’). It is open in the sense that one of its arguments ...
The English relative clause - Machine Translation Archive
... might also generate such sentences as: They called the girl up. He calls the girl up. etc. ...
... might also generate such sentences as: They called the girl up. He calls the girl up. etc. ...
2005 - Dr. Lukas Pietsch
... Interestingly, it will be found that just among those modern dialects that otherwise follow the Northern Subject Rule in allowing many non-standard verbal -s forms, there are some that exhibit variation in exactly the opposite direction with respect to the existentials: here, they allow non-standard ...
... Interestingly, it will be found that just among those modern dialects that otherwise follow the Northern Subject Rule in allowing many non-standard verbal -s forms, there are some that exhibit variation in exactly the opposite direction with respect to the existentials: here, they allow non-standard ...