Natural Organic Chemicals on Development
... Japan, and by a Guyer Fellowship, Department of modify their life history and reproductive Zoology, University of Wisconsin-Madison. strategies (e.g., rate of maturation, size Address correspondence to Dr. Stanley Dodson, and number of eggs) in response to Department of Zoology, Birge Hall, Universi ...
... Japan, and by a Guyer Fellowship, Department of modify their life history and reproductive Zoology, University of Wisconsin-Madison. strategies (e.g., rate of maturation, size Address correspondence to Dr. Stanley Dodson, and number of eggs) in response to Department of Zoology, Birge Hall, Universi ...
Do social spiders cooperate in predator defense
... (Uetz 1989). Similarly, webs are closely associated with antipredator defense in the social spiders. Spiders in groups may be better defended from predators, either by early warnings communicated through the web (Hodge and Uetz 1992) or by silk that hinders predators from penetrating into the core o ...
... (Uetz 1989). Similarly, webs are closely associated with antipredator defense in the social spiders. Spiders in groups may be better defended from predators, either by early warnings communicated through the web (Hodge and Uetz 1992) or by silk that hinders predators from penetrating into the core o ...
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... estuary or perhaps outside the Columbia River estuary altogether (e.g., Willapa Bay or coastal areas). Because of increasing concern over avian predation on juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River estuary, there is a need to understand how this large and growing cormorant colony exploits the availa ...
... estuary or perhaps outside the Columbia River estuary altogether (e.g., Willapa Bay or coastal areas). Because of increasing concern over avian predation on juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River estuary, there is a need to understand how this large and growing cormorant colony exploits the availa ...
When to use public information for breeding habitat selection? The
... Danchin et al. 1998) and individuals that cannot rely on their own reproductive success such as juveniles and nonbreeders (Boulinier & Danchin 1997). However, in many species information on patch reproductive success will be available only at the end of the breeding season, and thus can be used for ...
... Danchin et al. 1998) and individuals that cannot rely on their own reproductive success such as juveniles and nonbreeders (Boulinier & Danchin 1997). However, in many species information on patch reproductive success will be available only at the end of the breeding season, and thus can be used for ...
Lemur catta (Primates: Lemuridae)
... is oval, soft, compressible, and marked with fine lines like those that form fingerprints. Black in color, and continuous with the palm through a thin, hairless strip, it is raised above the rest of the integument by about 2 mm. Present in both sexes, in males it develops a hard spur as the animals ...
... is oval, soft, compressible, and marked with fine lines like those that form fingerprints. Black in color, and continuous with the palm through a thin, hairless strip, it is raised above the rest of the integument by about 2 mm. Present in both sexes, in males it develops a hard spur as the animals ...
Microtus californicus (Rodentia: Cricetidae)
... water loss per ml oxygen consumed), and no reduction in pulmocutaneous water loss was observed among treatments. Water-restricted individuals demonstrated reduced urinary-fecal water loss and consumed an average of 170/0 less food to maintain a similar food-to-water intake. Individuals maintained a ...
... water loss per ml oxygen consumed), and no reduction in pulmocutaneous water loss was observed among treatments. Water-restricted individuals demonstrated reduced urinary-fecal water loss and consumed an average of 170/0 less food to maintain a similar food-to-water intake. Individuals maintained a ...
Tecnociencia Articul.. - Sistema de Bibliotecas de la Universidad de
... narica), but Peruvian ocelots have not been reported to do so. On the other hand, BCI ocelots' scats contain no fish or birds, also unusual when compared with other studies (Emmons 1987). Ocelot tracks have been observed twice (Moreno, unpub.data) near bird remains, but the scats showed no evidence ...
... narica), but Peruvian ocelots have not been reported to do so. On the other hand, BCI ocelots' scats contain no fish or birds, also unusual when compared with other studies (Emmons 1987). Ocelot tracks have been observed twice (Moreno, unpub.data) near bird remains, but the scats showed no evidence ...
The American Bullfrog FAQ
... that they are able to thrive in higher water temperatures. Bullfrogs have a longer breeding season and a higher rate of pre-metamorphic survivorship, which also allows them to be more successful than other frogs. In some areas, such as California, bullfrogs are driving other frog populations to exti ...
... that they are able to thrive in higher water temperatures. Bullfrogs have a longer breeding season and a higher rate of pre-metamorphic survivorship, which also allows them to be more successful than other frogs. In some areas, such as California, bullfrogs are driving other frog populations to exti ...
The Hoary Marmot of the North Cascades in Washington
... 2) precipitation and the duration of snow cover, 3) availability of a food source from alpine plants and soils, 4) competition, and 5) predation. When combining these factors, both advantages and disadvantages exist. There has been little change in alpine habitat in the last 150 years. It is relativ ...
... 2) precipitation and the duration of snow cover, 3) availability of a food source from alpine plants and soils, 4) competition, and 5) predation. When combining these factors, both advantages and disadvantages exist. There has been little change in alpine habitat in the last 150 years. It is relativ ...
American Alligator (Brochure)
... The time it takes for alligators to become mature, and thus able to reproduce, varies from population to population. Reproductive maturity in alligators is primarily related to body size, so the age at which an individual can breed depends on how fast it grows throughout its life. Both males and fem ...
... The time it takes for alligators to become mature, and thus able to reproduce, varies from population to population. Reproductive maturity in alligators is primarily related to body size, so the age at which an individual can breed depends on how fast it grows throughout its life. Both males and fem ...
Care of Ringtails for True Sanctuaries
... was found that the powerful musk resolves into at least 203 different chemical compounds in a complex mix that has been found to vary not only by season, but by an individual‟s genetics as well. ...
... was found that the powerful musk resolves into at least 203 different chemical compounds in a complex mix that has been found to vary not only by season, but by an individual‟s genetics as well. ...
Establishment of a self-propagating population of the African malaria
... mesocosm, situated within the natural environment of the target vector population and exposed to similar climatic conditions, within which all natural dietary and habitat resources for their life-cycle completion are present [16,17]. The movement of insect vectors into or out of the SFS is typically ...
... mesocosm, situated within the natural environment of the target vector population and exposed to similar climatic conditions, within which all natural dietary and habitat resources for their life-cycle completion are present [16,17]. The movement of insect vectors into or out of the SFS is typically ...
SLOs - 3.4 Species Relationships
... By the end of this unit, students should be able to: Explain the difference between learned and innate behaviour Explain what is meant by stereotyped and state when such behaviour is used Explain what is meant by fixed action pattern and state when such behaviour is used Describe the role of ...
... By the end of this unit, students should be able to: Explain the difference between learned and innate behaviour Explain what is meant by stereotyped and state when such behaviour is used Explain what is meant by fixed action pattern and state when such behaviour is used Describe the role of ...
Competition as a factor underlying the abundance of an uncommon
... Abstract. 1. Recent reviews of experimental studies provide compelling evidence that competition should be retained as a potential factor influencing the success of phytophagous insects. In this context, the objective of the study was to determine the role of interspecific and intraspecific competit ...
... Abstract. 1. Recent reviews of experimental studies provide compelling evidence that competition should be retained as a potential factor influencing the success of phytophagous insects. In this context, the objective of the study was to determine the role of interspecific and intraspecific competit ...
Gilbert, John J., and Thomas Schröder. Rotifers from diapausing
... mictic females sometimes should be delayed until the onset of deteriorating environmental conditions (Serra and King 1999). Alternatively, it has been suggested that sexual reproduction should occur during conditions favorable for population growth so that large numbers of young mictic females can b ...
... mictic females sometimes should be delayed until the onset of deteriorating environmental conditions (Serra and King 1999). Alternatively, it has been suggested that sexual reproduction should occur during conditions favorable for population growth so that large numbers of young mictic females can b ...
Cuckoos, cowbirds and hosts: adaptations, trade
... Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK The interactions between brood parasitic birds and their host species provide one of the best model systems for coevolution. Despite being intensively studied, the parasite–host system provides ample opportunities ...
... Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK The interactions between brood parasitic birds and their host species provide one of the best model systems for coevolution. Despite being intensively studied, the parasite–host system provides ample opportunities ...
51 Notes
... • Differences at a single locus can sometimes have a large effect on behavior – For example, male prairie voles pair-bond with their mates, while male meadow voles do not – The level of a specific receptor for a neurotransmitter determines which behavioral pattern develops ...
... • Differences at a single locus can sometimes have a large effect on behavior – For example, male prairie voles pair-bond with their mates, while male meadow voles do not – The level of a specific receptor for a neurotransmitter determines which behavioral pattern develops ...
Appendix 1: Parental Care and Egg Size References
... Duellman, W.E. 1978. The biology of an equatorial herpetofauna in Amazonian Ecuador. Misc. Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kan. 65, 1-352. Duellman, W.E. & Manness, S.J. 1980. The reproductive behavior of some hylid marsupial frogs. J. Herpetol. 14, 213-222. Duellman, W.E. & Gray, P. 1983. Developmenta ...
... Duellman, W.E. 1978. The biology of an equatorial herpetofauna in Amazonian Ecuador. Misc. Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kan. 65, 1-352. Duellman, W.E. & Manness, S.J. 1980. The reproductive behavior of some hylid marsupial frogs. J. Herpetol. 14, 213-222. Duellman, W.E. & Gray, P. 1983. Developmenta ...
Decorating Behavior and Decoration Preference in the Masking
... Organisms adapt to responses in their environment, and over time if that adaptation is successful in increasing survival within the population, the species will evolve accordingly. An example of induced evolution is through predator-prey interactions. As a pre ...
... Organisms adapt to responses in their environment, and over time if that adaptation is successful in increasing survival within the population, the species will evolve accordingly. An example of induced evolution is through predator-prey interactions. As a pre ...
REPORT: Ecology of Jaguars in the Cockscomb Basin Wildlife
... (Harmsen 2006; Foster 2008). A range is given because the dataset includes some single-side photographs of individuals, due to camera failure. Jaguar density estimates from the CBWS range from 3.5 to 11.0 individuals/100 km2 during this period (Table 18.1). These densities are at the high end of den ...
... (Harmsen 2006; Foster 2008). A range is given because the dataset includes some single-side photographs of individuals, due to camera failure. Jaguar density estimates from the CBWS range from 3.5 to 11.0 individuals/100 km2 during this period (Table 18.1). These densities are at the high end of den ...
Mustela frenata.
... the typical mustelid body form with a long tail that is 44-70% of the length of head and body. The elongate body has short .legs, a long neck, and a dorso-ventrally compressed triangular head. The ears' are rounded and vibrissae are long (Fig. 1). Northern subspecies have a white winter pelage; sout ...
... the typical mustelid body form with a long tail that is 44-70% of the length of head and body. The elongate body has short .legs, a long neck, and a dorso-ventrally compressed triangular head. The ears' are rounded and vibrissae are long (Fig. 1). Northern subspecies have a white winter pelage; sout ...
Galapagos Penguin - University of Arizona | Ecology and
... Diet: Galapagos penguins are carnivores that eat many types of small marine creatures. They will dive to a depth of 30-50 meters to obtain small crustaceans, invertebrates and small fish up to 15mm in length. They will also eat mollusks and many types of zooplankton. Their main foods include anchov ...
... Diet: Galapagos penguins are carnivores that eat many types of small marine creatures. They will dive to a depth of 30-50 meters to obtain small crustaceans, invertebrates and small fish up to 15mm in length. They will also eat mollusks and many types of zooplankton. Their main foods include anchov ...
Poster Presentations (, ~1 MB in size)
... as fast-starts in an attempt to escape when threatened. In pulse-type weakly electric fishes, including African mormyrids, these responses are accompanied by transient increases in electrical signal production known as novelty responses. While these novelty responses may heighten an individual's per ...
... as fast-starts in an attempt to escape when threatened. In pulse-type weakly electric fishes, including African mormyrids, these responses are accompanied by transient increases in electrical signal production known as novelty responses. While these novelty responses may heighten an individual's per ...
Alligator Facts - Brazos Bend State Park Volunteer Organization
... Head is large with nose and eyes set high on top. Nostrils and ears are equipped with valves to keep them closed while submerged. Legs are short and stout. Five toes can be seen on the front foot and four toes on the hind foot. Its large thick muscular tail makes up about one half of its body length ...
... Head is large with nose and eyes set high on top. Nostrils and ears are equipped with valves to keep them closed while submerged. Legs are short and stout. Five toes can be seen on the front foot and four toes on the hind foot. Its large thick muscular tail makes up about one half of its body length ...
Ch. 51
... • Differences at a single locus can sometimes have a large effect on behavior – For example, male prairie voles pair-bond with their mates, while male meadow voles do not – The level of a specific receptor for a neurotransmitter determines which behavioral pattern develops ...
... • Differences at a single locus can sometimes have a large effect on behavior – For example, male prairie voles pair-bond with their mates, while male meadow voles do not – The level of a specific receptor for a neurotransmitter determines which behavioral pattern develops ...
Behavioral ecology
Behavioral ecology is the study of the evolutionary basis for animal behavior due to ecological pressures. Behavioral ecology emerged from ethology after Niko Tinbergen outlined four questions to address when studying animal behavior which are the proximate causes, ontogeny, survival value, and phylogeny of behavior.If an organism has a trait which provides them with a selective advantage (i.e. has an adaptive significance) in a new environment natural selection will likely favor it. This was originally proposed as the theory of natural selection by Charles Darwin. Adaptive significance therefore refers to the beneficial qualities, in terms of increased survival and reproduction, a trait conveys. Genetic differences in individuals lead to behavioral differences that in turn drive differences in adaptation, reproductive success, and ultimately evolution.Individuals are always in competition with others for limited resources, including food, territories, and mates. Conflict will occur between predators and prey, between rivals for mates, between siblings, mates, and even between parents and their offspring.