Theory and Practice of Scanning Optical Microscopy - X
... intensity distribution given by J ~(v) will propagate without spreading as a result of this dynamic equilibrium: it is a mode of free space. The imaging properties of lenses and mirrors with annular aperture have been the subject of considerable interest since the work of Airy [2.3J in 1841. In the ...
... intensity distribution given by J ~(v) will propagate without spreading as a result of this dynamic equilibrium: it is a mode of free space. The imaging properties of lenses and mirrors with annular aperture have been the subject of considerable interest since the work of Airy [2.3J in 1841. In the ...
MvR and Th.M. Nieuwenhuizen, Multiple scattering of classical
... [This is not the only scenario for a metal-insulator transition in electron systems. Due to their fermionic nature and interactions, electron systems allow for a whole range of possible transitions between the conducting and insulating regimes; see Mott (1990)]. Anderson localization is also called ...
... [This is not the only scenario for a metal-insulator transition in electron systems. Due to their fermionic nature and interactions, electron systems allow for a whole range of possible transitions between the conducting and insulating regimes; see Mott (1990)]. Anderson localization is also called ...
Methods of measuring the modulation transfer function
... photographic process. The ' acutance ' developers which give increased sharpness in black and white films are designed to encourage these effects, and adjacency effects are also used to advantage in colour film processing [29]. In the presence of such effects, transfer functions are obtained which a ...
... photographic process. The ' acutance ' developers which give increased sharpness in black and white films are designed to encourage these effects, and adjacency effects are also used to advantage in colour film processing [29]. In the presence of such effects, transfer functions are obtained which a ...
Correlated/non-correlated ion dynamics of charge
... at the same frequencies as for the much larger cation was unexpected. One would have rather expected dispersion of the anion to be absent or instead appear at considerably higher frequencies, with its reorientation being much faster than for the cation. The 19F T1-NMRD profiles at T o 298 K, however ...
... at the same frequencies as for the much larger cation was unexpected. One would have rather expected dispersion of the anion to be absent or instead appear at considerably higher frequencies, with its reorientation being much faster than for the cation. The 19F T1-NMRD profiles at T o 298 K, however ...
McIntyre, Stuart (2013) Limitations to light microscope resolution in
... Fluorescence imaging has become a vital tool for understanding cardiac cell function. With the advent of calcium-sensitive and fast response voltage-sensitive dyes, it is now possible to gain complex physiological recordings from various cardiac muscle preparations, while simultaneously optically se ...
... Fluorescence imaging has become a vital tool for understanding cardiac cell function. With the advent of calcium-sensitive and fast response voltage-sensitive dyes, it is now possible to gain complex physiological recordings from various cardiac muscle preparations, while simultaneously optically se ...
Chemistry 11 - Correspondence Studies
... much product will be formed? This unit will answer these questions and other questions related to amount of matter. The word stoichiometry comes from the Greek words, stoicheion (meaning any first thing or principle) and metron (meaning measure). Stoichiometry deals with the mass-mass or molemole re ...
... much product will be formed? This unit will answer these questions and other questions related to amount of matter. The word stoichiometry comes from the Greek words, stoicheion (meaning any first thing or principle) and metron (meaning measure). Stoichiometry deals with the mass-mass or molemole re ...
Theoretical modeling and evaluation of the axial resolution of the
... and 共3兲 computing the amount of light that passes through the confocal pinhole 共which depends on the pinhole size兲. An unfolded optical diagram of the system is shown in Fig. 1. Each stage is described here. To simplify the analysis, the model uses a magnification of unity between the source, the re ...
... and 共3兲 computing the amount of light that passes through the confocal pinhole 共which depends on the pinhole size兲. An unfolded optical diagram of the system is shown in Fig. 1. Each stage is described here. To simplify the analysis, the model uses a magnification of unity between the source, the re ...
Quantitative Phase Imaging
... interferes (i.e., creates fringes) with its shifted replicas. In other words, these parameters indicate the spatiotemporal scale over which the phase of an interference pattern can be measured. For example, a quantitative phase image can only be measured experimentally within the coherence area of t ...
... interferes (i.e., creates fringes) with its shifted replicas. In other words, these parameters indicate the spatiotemporal scale over which the phase of an interference pattern can be measured. For example, a quantitative phase image can only be measured experimentally within the coherence area of t ...
PDF - Grueber Lab
... 3D volumetric image. This dual-objective geometry, and the need for side-on illumination and physical translation are major limitations, requiring complex sample mounting and positioning that restricts the types of samples that can be imaged, and limits achievable volumetric imaging speeds. Recent a ...
... 3D volumetric image. This dual-objective geometry, and the need for side-on illumination and physical translation are major limitations, requiring complex sample mounting and positioning that restricts the types of samples that can be imaged, and limits achievable volumetric imaging speeds. Recent a ...
Modeling Light Scattering in Tissue as Continuous Random Media
... based on the HG function is not sufficient to explain the experimental data. In these data, radiative transport is measured with enhanced backscattering (EBS) at length scales ranging from much less than the transport mean free path ls to much greater than ls , which for this tissue is about 200 μ ...
... based on the HG function is not sufficient to explain the experimental data. In these data, radiative transport is measured with enhanced backscattering (EBS) at length scales ranging from much less than the transport mean free path ls to much greater than ls , which for this tissue is about 200 μ ...
File
... Change “%” to “g” Convert grams to moles for each element Divide each mole amount by the smallest mole amount, these numbers are the coefficients for the E.F. If the numbers from step 4 are not all whole numbers, multiply the step 4 numbers by a whole number so all step 4 numbers are ...
... Change “%” to “g” Convert grams to moles for each element Divide each mole amount by the smallest mole amount, these numbers are the coefficients for the E.F. If the numbers from step 4 are not all whole numbers, multiply the step 4 numbers by a whole number so all step 4 numbers are ...
Profiling Atmospheric Turbulence with Single Star
... A generalised SCIDAR (SCIntillation Detection And Ranging) system for characterising atmospheric parameters using single star scintillation is presented. Astronomical scintillation is the variation in apparent luminosity of a distant object, such as a star, viewed through the atmosphere. Scintillati ...
... A generalised SCIDAR (SCIntillation Detection And Ranging) system for characterising atmospheric parameters using single star scintillation is presented. Astronomical scintillation is the variation in apparent luminosity of a distant object, such as a star, viewed through the atmosphere. Scintillati ...
Introduction
... Herschel then placed a water-filled container between the prism and thermometer and observed that the temperature measured was lower than the one measured without the water. Consequently, the water must partially absorb the radiation. In addition, Herschel could prove that depending on how the prism ...
... Herschel then placed a water-filled container between the prism and thermometer and observed that the temperature measured was lower than the one measured without the water. Consequently, the water must partially absorb the radiation. In addition, Herschel could prove that depending on how the prism ...
Total internal reflection microscopy studies on colloidal particle
... “We must take care not to make intellect our God. It has, of course, powerful muscles, but has no personality. It cannot rule, only serve.” ...
... “We must take care not to make intellect our God. It has, of course, powerful muscles, but has no personality. It cannot rule, only serve.” ...
Multiplets in Polymer Gels. Rare Earth Metal Ions Luminescence Study
... accurate estimation of the multiplet size (model 2). However, it should be mentioned that both models give the results which are rather close to each other. The description of the fluorescence quenching in the ionomer system should account for two main distinctions from micellar systems: (1) in the ...
... accurate estimation of the multiplet size (model 2). However, it should be mentioned that both models give the results which are rather close to each other. The description of the fluorescence quenching in the ionomer system should account for two main distinctions from micellar systems: (1) in the ...
FINCH: Fresnel Incoherent Correlation Hologram
... reconstructed in the computer so that 3D images appear on the computer's screen. The coherent optical recording is not applicable for the incoherent optics because interference between reference and object incoherent beams cannot occur. Therefore, different holographic acquisition methods should be ...
... reconstructed in the computer so that 3D images appear on the computer's screen. The coherent optical recording is not applicable for the incoherent optics because interference between reference and object incoherent beams cannot occur. Therefore, different holographic acquisition methods should be ...
An experimentally validated numerical model of interface advance of
... for variable Dt and Dx, respectively. In both cases, the conditions are chosen the same as in the reference case except for the variable of interest. It can be seen that the influence of the time-step is linear on the relative error and the influence of the space-step is quadratic, just as expected ...
... for variable Dt and Dx, respectively. In both cases, the conditions are chosen the same as in the reference case except for the variable of interest. It can be seen that the influence of the time-step is linear on the relative error and the influence of the space-step is quadratic, just as expected ...
Interference experiments with the fluorescence light of Ba ions
... been reported [34] that the optical dipole forces act on the trajectories of the falling atom, and, recently, that atoms can be trapped inside the cavity by these optical dipole forces for a short time [35]. However, it has not been possible yet to store an atom inside a cavity for an extended perio ...
... been reported [34] that the optical dipole forces act on the trajectories of the falling atom, and, recently, that atoms can be trapped inside the cavity by these optical dipole forces for a short time [35]. However, it has not been possible yet to store an atom inside a cavity for an extended perio ...
Handbook of Optical Filters
... have a quantum efficiency of approximately 0.3, but the actual value can be reduced by processes known as quenching, one of which is photobleaching. The combination of these factors, in addition to the fact that many specimens have very small amounts of stained material in the observed field of view ...
... have a quantum efficiency of approximately 0.3, but the actual value can be reduced by processes known as quenching, one of which is photobleaching. The combination of these factors, in addition to the fact that many specimens have very small amounts of stained material in the observed field of view ...
ELECTRICAL AND DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF RUBBER
... The mechanical, rheological, and many other physical properties of polymers reflect the underlying dynamics of the chains and chain segments. Theses dynamics, in turn, are governed by the chemical structure and any fillers present in the compound. Experimental methods to study relaxation phenomena i ...
... The mechanical, rheological, and many other physical properties of polymers reflect the underlying dynamics of the chains and chain segments. Theses dynamics, in turn, are governed by the chemical structure and any fillers present in the compound. Experimental methods to study relaxation phenomena i ...
Disorder-Enhanced Imaging with Spatially Controlled Light
... In chapter 4 we experimentally show that spatial wave front shaping can be used to focus and concentrate light to an optimal small spot inside a turbid material. Chapter 5 is dedicated to a non-imaging approach of displacement metrology for disordered materials that opens the way for high speed nano ...
... In chapter 4 we experimentally show that spatial wave front shaping can be used to focus and concentrate light to an optimal small spot inside a turbid material. Chapter 5 is dedicated to a non-imaging approach of displacement metrology for disordered materials that opens the way for high speed nano ...
Super-Resolution Microscopy: Interference and Pattern Techniques
... resolution improvement in linear SIM can reach a factor of 2. The term linear is used because in this case, the dependency of the fluorescence emission intensity is considered to be linear to the excitation intensity. This assumption is true only for low-illumination conditions, where saturation and ...
... resolution improvement in linear SIM can reach a factor of 2. The term linear is used because in this case, the dependency of the fluorescence emission intensity is considered to be linear to the excitation intensity. This assumption is true only for low-illumination conditions, where saturation and ...
topic: chemical formula, chemical equations and stoichiometry
... The relative atomic mass of an element = Mass of 1 atom of the element 1/12 x mass of 1 atom of carbon-12 The relative molecular mass, RMM, of a compound is defined as, The number of times the mass of one molecule of a compound is heavier than 1/12 times the mass of one carbon-12 atom. The relative ...
... The relative atomic mass of an element = Mass of 1 atom of the element 1/12 x mass of 1 atom of carbon-12 The relative molecular mass, RMM, of a compound is defined as, The number of times the mass of one molecule of a compound is heavier than 1/12 times the mass of one carbon-12 atom. The relative ...
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a correlation analysis of fluctuation of the fluorescence intensity. The analysis provides parameters of the physics under the fluctuations. One of the interesting applications of this is an analysis of the concentration fluctuations of fluorescent particles (molecules) in solution. In this application, the fluorescence emitted from a very tiny space in solution containing a small number of fluorescent particles (molecules) is observed. The fluorescence intensity is fluctuating due to Brownian motion of the particles. In other words, the number of the particles in the sub-space defined by the optical system is randomly changing around the average number. The analysis gives the average number of fluorescent particles and average diffusion time, when the particle is passing through the space. Eventually, both the concentration and size of the particle (molecule) are determined. Both parameters are important in biochemical research, biophysics, and chemistry.FCS is such a sensitive analytical tool because it observes a small number of molecules (nanomolar to picomolar concentrations) in a small volume (~1μm3). In contrast to other methods (such as HPLC analysis) FCS has no physical separation process; instead, it achieves its spatial resolution through its optics. Furthermore, FCS enables observation of fluorescence-tagged molecules in the biochemical pathway in intact living cells. This opens a new area, ""in situ or in vivo biochemistry"": tracing the biochemical pathway in intact cells and organs.Commonly, FCS is employed in the context of optical microscopy, in particular Confocal microscopy or two-photon excitation microscopy. In these techniques light is focused on a sample and the measured fluorescence intensity fluctuations (due to diffusion, physical or chemical reactions, aggregation, etc.) are analyzed using the temporal autocorrelation. Because the measured property is essentially related to the magnitude and/or the amount of fluctuations, there is an optimum measurement regime at the level when individual species enter or exit the observation volume (or turn on and off in the volume). When too many entities are measured at the same time the overall fluctuations are small in comparison to the total signal and may not be resolvable – in the other direction, if the individual fluctuation-events are too sparse in time, one measurement may take prohibitively too long. FCS is in a way the fluorescent counterpart to dynamic light scattering, which uses coherent light scattering, instead of (incoherent) fluorescence.When an appropriate model is known, FCS can be used to obtain quantitative information such as diffusion coefficients hydrodynamic radii average concentrations kinetic chemical reaction rates singlet-triplet dynamicsBecause fluorescent markers come in a variety of colors and can be specifically bound to a particular molecule (e.g. proteins, polymers, metal-complexes, etc.), it is possible to study the behavior of individual molecules (in rapid succession in composite solutions). With the development of sensitive detectors such as avalanche photodiodes the detection of the fluorescence signal coming from individual molecules in highly dilute samples has become practical. With this emerged the possibility to conduct FCS experiments in a wide variety of specimens, ranging from materials science to biology. The advent of engineered cells with genetically tagged proteins (like green fluorescent protein) has made FCS a common tool for studying molecular dynamics in living cells.