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Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Organic Light Emitting Diodes

... Try to make current flow to right? Current Flows! Electrons in higher band meet Holes in lower band ...
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IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)
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... and similar devices use to get the large possible power from one or more photovoltaic platrs, typically solar panels, though optical power transmission systems can improve efficiency from similar technology. Solar cells have a complex relationship between solar irradiation, temperature and total res ...
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... temperature. To attain high open-circuit voltages, the saturation current density needs to be very low. The saturation current density of well engineered p–n junctions can be as low as 10−13 A cm−2, which allows these cells to achieve very high power conversion efficiencies (>20%).[2] However the per ...
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)

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Multi-junction solar cell



Multi-junction (MJ) solar cells are solar cells with multiple p–n junctions made of different semiconductor materials. Each material's p-n junction will produce electric current in response to different wavelengths of light. The use of multiple semiconducting materials allows the absorbance of a broader range of wavelengths, improving the cell's sunlight to electrical energy conversion efficiency.Traditional single-junction cells have a maximum theoretical efficiency of 34%. Theoretically, an infinite number of junctions would have a limiting efficiency of 86.8% under highly concentrated sunlight.Currently, the best lab examples of traditional crystalline silicon solar cells have efficiencies between 20% and 25%, while lab examples of multi-junction cells have demonstrated performance over 43%. Commercial examples of tandem, two layer, cells are widely available at 30% under one-sun illumination, and improve to around 40% under concentrated sunlight. However, this efficiency is gained at the cost of increased complexity and manufacturing price. To date, their higher price and higher price-to-performance ratio have limited their use to special roles, notably in aerospace where their high power-to-weight ratio is desirable. In terrestrial applications, these solar cells are emerging in concentrator photovoltaics (CPV), with a growing number of installations around the world.Tandem fabrication techniques have been used to improve the performance of existing designs. In particular, the technique can be applied to lower cost thin-film solar cells using amorphous silicon, as opposed to conventional crystalline silicon, to produce a cell with about 10% efficiency that is lightweight and flexible. This approach has been used by several commercial vendors, but these products are currently limited to certain niche roles, like roofing materials.
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