Overview of Drug Testing Methods I: ADME - BIDD
... Cytochrome P450 polymorphisms „Every human differs (more or less) “ The phenotype can be distinguished by the actual activity or the amount of the expressed CYP enzyme. The genotype, however, is determined by the individual DNA sequence. Human: two sets of chromosomes ...
... Cytochrome P450 polymorphisms „Every human differs (more or less) “ The phenotype can be distinguished by the actual activity or the amount of the expressed CYP enzyme. The genotype, however, is determined by the individual DNA sequence. Human: two sets of chromosomes ...
ibogaine: a review
... ancillary in attempting to characterize a drug’s in vivo mechanism of action, micromolar activity may be pharmacologically important with regard to ibogaine or noribogaine due to the relatively high concentrations reached in the brain (40,44,51). Hough et al. (51) noted a brain level of ibogaine of ...
... ancillary in attempting to characterize a drug’s in vivo mechanism of action, micromolar activity may be pharmacologically important with regard to ibogaine or noribogaine due to the relatively high concentrations reached in the brain (40,44,51). Hough et al. (51) noted a brain level of ibogaine of ...
Clinical pharmacology and abuse potential of gamma‐hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)
... All active conditions induced positive effects related to their abuse potential. The administration of GHB produced euphoria and pleasurable effects with slightly higher ratings than those observed for flunitrazepam and ethanol. GHB induced a biphasic time profile with an ...
... All active conditions induced positive effects related to their abuse potential. The administration of GHB produced euphoria and pleasurable effects with slightly higher ratings than those observed for flunitrazepam and ethanol. GHB induced a biphasic time profile with an ...
Advair HFA - GSK Source
... rate of asthma-related death occurred in subjects treated with salmeterol than those treated with placebo (0.10% versus 0.02%; relative risk: 4.37 [95% CI: 1.25, 15.34]). Post-hoc subpopulation analyses were performed. In Caucasians, asthma-related death occurred at a higher rate in subjects treated ...
... rate of asthma-related death occurred in subjects treated with salmeterol than those treated with placebo (0.10% versus 0.02%; relative risk: 4.37 [95% CI: 1.25, 15.34]). Post-hoc subpopulation analyses were performed. In Caucasians, asthma-related death occurred at a higher rate in subjects treated ...
clozapine - Law Project for Psychiatric Rights
... milligrams were generally superior to 100 milligrams/day. The study sample was severely and chronically ill with refractory schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (mean age: 45 years, mean illness duration: 25 years, mean length of current hospitalization: 8.6 years). Subjects were slowly titrate ...
... milligrams were generally superior to 100 milligrams/day. The study sample was severely and chronically ill with refractory schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (mean age: 45 years, mean illness duration: 25 years, mean length of current hospitalization: 8.6 years). Subjects were slowly titrate ...
TRIAMTERENE and HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE TABLETS, USP
... levels. The amount of triamterene added to the 25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide in triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide 37.5 mg/25 mg tablets was also determined from steady-state dose-response evaluations in which various doses of liquid preparations of triamterene were administered to hypertensive pers ...
... levels. The amount of triamterene added to the 25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide in triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide 37.5 mg/25 mg tablets was also determined from steady-state dose-response evaluations in which various doses of liquid preparations of triamterene were administered to hypertensive pers ...
ANNEXURE-3 14
... tazobactam for injection, were similar to those attained when equivalent doses of piperacillin were administered alone, with mean peak plasma concentrations of approximately 134 mcg/mL, 242 mcg/mL and 298 mcg/mL for the 2.25 g, 3.375 g and 4.5 g piperacillin and tazobactam for injection doses, respe ...
... tazobactam for injection, were similar to those attained when equivalent doses of piperacillin were administered alone, with mean peak plasma concentrations of approximately 134 mcg/mL, 242 mcg/mL and 298 mcg/mL for the 2.25 g, 3.375 g and 4.5 g piperacillin and tazobactam for injection doses, respe ...
Attachment 2: Extract from the Clinical Evaluation Report for
... In 2011 there were an estimated 34.2 million adults and children with HIV infection, with 2.5 million new infections and 1.7 million deaths annually. The epidemic has stabilised in most developed countries but the prevalence continues to rise in Central Europe, Asia and SubSaharan Africa. Progressio ...
... In 2011 there were an estimated 34.2 million adults and children with HIV infection, with 2.5 million new infections and 1.7 million deaths annually. The epidemic has stabilised in most developed countries but the prevalence continues to rise in Central Europe, Asia and SubSaharan Africa. Progressio ...
HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION because of risk of overdose. (5.3) Candida albicans
... occurred at a higher rate in subjects treated with salmeterol than in subjects treated with placebo (0.07% versus 0.01%; relative risk: 5.82 [95% CI: 0.70, 48.37]). In African Americans also, asthma-related death occurred at a higher rate in subjects treated with salmeterol than those treated with p ...
... occurred at a higher rate in subjects treated with salmeterol than in subjects treated with placebo (0.07% versus 0.01%; relative risk: 5.82 [95% CI: 0.70, 48.37]). In African Americans also, asthma-related death occurred at a higher rate in subjects treated with salmeterol than those treated with p ...
biaxin pm
... syndrome has been reported in patients receiving clarithromycin therapy. Use of Clarithromycin with Other Drugs Use of clarithromycin with other drugs may lead to drug-drug interactions. Atypical Antipsychotics (quetiapine) Due to inhibition of CYP3A by clarithromycin, co-administration of clarithro ...
... syndrome has been reported in patients receiving clarithromycin therapy. Use of Clarithromycin with Other Drugs Use of clarithromycin with other drugs may lead to drug-drug interactions. Atypical Antipsychotics (quetiapine) Due to inhibition of CYP3A by clarithromycin, co-administration of clarithro ...
biaxin pm
... form of drug allergy, particularly to structurally related-drugs. If an allergic reaction to clarithromycin occurs, administration of the drug should be discontinued. Serious hypersensitivity reactions may require epinephrine, antihistamines, or corticosteroids. See WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, Immune, ...
... form of drug allergy, particularly to structurally related-drugs. If an allergic reaction to clarithromycin occurs, administration of the drug should be discontinued. Serious hypersensitivity reactions may require epinephrine, antihistamines, or corticosteroids. See WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, Immune, ...
SERETIDE ACCUHALER/DISKUS™
... propionate (Seretide®) 50/250 and 50/500 micrograms rapidly and significantly improves lung function, significantly reduced breathlessness and the use of relief medication. There were also significant improvements in health status. Symptomatic COPD patients who demonstrated less than 10% reversibili ...
... propionate (Seretide®) 50/250 and 50/500 micrograms rapidly and significantly improves lung function, significantly reduced breathlessness and the use of relief medication. There were also significant improvements in health status. Symptomatic COPD patients who demonstrated less than 10% reversibili ...
Farewell, C hlora m phenicol? Is this T rue?
... During the last decade the emergence of highly resistant pathogens has aroused renewed interest in older drugs that have fallen into disuse because of several factors including toxic side effects. One important antibiotic agent is chloramphenicol, which was released for use in the United States in 1 ...
... During the last decade the emergence of highly resistant pathogens has aroused renewed interest in older drugs that have fallen into disuse because of several factors including toxic side effects. One important antibiotic agent is chloramphenicol, which was released for use in the United States in 1 ...
Preview the material
... The toxic dose of acetaminophen was for many years considered to be ≥150 mg/kg or ≥7.5 grams, whichever was lower.5 These figures are almost certainly very conservative and the toxic dose may be 10 to 12 grams or more for an adult and >250 mg/kg for children.5 The American Association of Poison Cont ...
... The toxic dose of acetaminophen was for many years considered to be ≥150 mg/kg or ≥7.5 grams, whichever was lower.5 These figures are almost certainly very conservative and the toxic dose may be 10 to 12 grams or more for an adult and >250 mg/kg for children.5 The American Association of Poison Cont ...
Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Profile of Valsartan: A Review
... steady state is about 17l (Flesch et al., 1997). Metabolism and Elimination Valsartan does not require any metabolism in the body to become active. After the oral administration of 80 mg of [14C]radiolabelled valsartan (Waldmeier et al., 1997) only one pharmacologically inactive metabolite was found ...
... steady state is about 17l (Flesch et al., 1997). Metabolism and Elimination Valsartan does not require any metabolism in the body to become active. After the oral administration of 80 mg of [14C]radiolabelled valsartan (Waldmeier et al., 1997) only one pharmacologically inactive metabolite was found ...
The role of drugs in the pathogenesis of gingival overgrowth
... people (34, 164). In a 2-year longitudinal study, Dahllof & Mod6er (34) observed the clinical onset of gingival overgrowth after 1 month of phenytoin use. Although overgrowth occurred progressively over the study period, it continued at a decreased rate during the second year. Associated gingival ov ...
... people (34, 164). In a 2-year longitudinal study, Dahllof & Mod6er (34) observed the clinical onset of gingival overgrowth after 1 month of phenytoin use. Although overgrowth occurred progressively over the study period, it continued at a decreased rate during the second year. Associated gingival ov ...
Poisoning and Drug Overdose
... authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical s ...
... authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical s ...
MICROMEDEX® Healthcare Series - Law Project for Psychiatric
... 2) Although considerable interindividual variation in paroxetine pharmacokinetics has been observed, higher plasma levels of paroxetine have been observed, as well as slowed elimination in the elderly, compared with younger subjects (Kaye et al, 1989d; Ghose, 1989a; Bayer et al, 1989a; Lundmark et a ...
... 2) Although considerable interindividual variation in paroxetine pharmacokinetics has been observed, higher plasma levels of paroxetine have been observed, as well as slowed elimination in the elderly, compared with younger subjects (Kaye et al, 1989d; Ghose, 1989a; Bayer et al, 1989a; Lundmark et a ...
Advances in Pharmacological Research of Eugenol
... and citrus fruit fly males31. Toxic side effects of eugenol Eugenol has many pharmacological effects, but it also has some toxic side effects. For example, eugenol has a certain corrosive action, but its strength is less than that of phenol. The reason for this action is that eugenol is not dissolve ...
... and citrus fruit fly males31. Toxic side effects of eugenol Eugenol has many pharmacological effects, but it also has some toxic side effects. For example, eugenol has a certain corrosive action, but its strength is less than that of phenol. The reason for this action is that eugenol is not dissolve ...
Methotrexate - Pfizer Canada
... Methotrexate has the potential for acute and chronic hepatotoxicity. Acutely, liver enzyme elevations are frequently seen after Methotrexate administration and are usually not a reason for modification of Methotrexate therapy. Liver enzyme elevations are usually transient and asymptomatic, and also ...
... Methotrexate has the potential for acute and chronic hepatotoxicity. Acutely, liver enzyme elevations are frequently seen after Methotrexate administration and are usually not a reason for modification of Methotrexate therapy. Liver enzyme elevations are usually transient and asymptomatic, and also ...
Rx Only Cyclobenzaprine Hydrochloride Extended
... Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility In rats treated with cyclobenzaprine for up to 67 weeks at doses of approximately 5 to 40 times the maximum recommended human dose, pale, sometimes enlarged, livers were noted and there was a dose-related hepatocyte vacuolation with lipidosis. In ...
... Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility In rats treated with cyclobenzaprine for up to 67 weeks at doses of approximately 5 to 40 times the maximum recommended human dose, pale, sometimes enlarged, livers were noted and there was a dose-related hepatocyte vacuolation with lipidosis. In ...
Easthope SE, Jarvis B
... in creatinine clearance. The effect of candesartan cilexetil on plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) is unclear. In vitro experiments on animal and human models showed that candesartan induced a reduction of PAI-1 concentrations but these results were not confirmed by other studies. A reductio ...
... in creatinine clearance. The effect of candesartan cilexetil on plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) is unclear. In vitro experiments on animal and human models showed that candesartan induced a reduction of PAI-1 concentrations but these results were not confirmed by other studies. A reductio ...
product monograph
... is similar to that of the parent compound. Less than 0.03% of the dose is excreted in the urine as intact midazolam, 45% to 81% of the dose is excreted in urine as the conjugates of the metabolites. Midazolam is approximately 97% plasma protein-bound in normal subjects. In patients with chronic rena ...
... is similar to that of the parent compound. Less than 0.03% of the dose is excreted in the urine as intact midazolam, 45% to 81% of the dose is excreted in urine as the conjugates of the metabolites. Midazolam is approximately 97% plasma protein-bound in normal subjects. In patients with chronic rena ...
The Eclectic Materia Medica, Pharmacology and Therapeutics by
... result may be permanent. When aconite kills it does so usually by paralyzing the heart, arresting that organ in diastole. Locally, aconite and its alkaloid, aconitine, act as irritants, producing a tingling, pricking sensation and numbness, followed by peripheral sensory impairment, resulting in an ...
... result may be permanent. When aconite kills it does so usually by paralyzing the heart, arresting that organ in diastole. Locally, aconite and its alkaloid, aconitine, act as irritants, producing a tingling, pricking sensation and numbness, followed by peripheral sensory impairment, resulting in an ...
PRODUCT MONOGRAPH Codeine Contin
... As with other opioids, tolerance and physical dependence may develop upon repeated administration of codeine and there is potential for development of psychological dependence. Codeine Contin should therefore be prescribed and handled with the degree of caution appropriate to the use of a drug with ...
... As with other opioids, tolerance and physical dependence may develop upon repeated administration of codeine and there is potential for development of psychological dependence. Codeine Contin should therefore be prescribed and handled with the degree of caution appropriate to the use of a drug with ...
Dydrogesterone
Dydrogesterone (INN, USAN, BAN), is also chemically known as 9β,10α-pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione. Dydrogesterone (6-dehydro-retroprogesterone) is a hormonally active, non-androgenic steroid that was developed in the 1950s.Dydrogesterone has selective progestational activity and does not inhibit ovulation. The greater rigidity of dydrogesterone also positively affects its selectivity, while natural progesterone is less selective, existing in different conformations that more easily bind to different receptors. As a consequence of its better bioavailability and the progestational activity of its main metabolites (20-, 21- and 16-hydroxy derivatives), the equivalent dose of dydrogesterone is 10–20 times lower than that of oral micronized progesterone.Dydrogesterone is used as an effective, orally active progestogen for gynaecological conditions related to a wide variety of progesterone deficiencies in pregnant women. The molecular structure and pharmacological effects are somewhat similar to endogenous progesterone, although in smaller amounts it is found to be orally active. Its freedom from hormonal effects like those related to corticoid, androgenic, estrogenic, anabolic, and other effects gives dydrogesterone an advantage over other synthesized progestogens.Dydrogesterone when used therapeutically is closely related to its physiological action on the neuro-endocrine control of ovarian function, as well as on the endometrium. This is an indication in all cases of endogeneous progesterone deficiency - relative or absolute. The molecule was licensed for use in several indications, including threatened or recurrent miscarriage, dysfunctional bleeding, infertility due to luteal insufficiency, dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, secondary amenorrhoea, irregular cycles, pre-menstrual syndrome and also as a hormone replacement therapy.Dydrogesterone has proven effective in the following conditions associated with progesterone deficiency: Infertility due to luteal insufficiency Threatened miscarriage Habitual or recurrent miscarriage. Menstrual disorders Premenstrual syndrome Endometriosis Dydrogesterone has also been registered as hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to counter-check the negative effects of unopposed estrogen on the endometrium in women with an intact uterus. Dydrogesterone is relatively safe and well tolerated, and does not exhibit the androgenic side effects that are common with some other progestins, like medroxyprogesterone acetate.