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CHAPTER 20
CHAPTER 20

... gave us much new information about the nature of Neptune’s atmosphere. Although the composition of Neptune’s atmosphere is nearly the same as that of Uranus’s atmosphere, Neptune’s atmosphere contains belts of clouds that are much more visible. At the time of Voyager 2’s visit, Neptune had a Great D ...
Solar System Solar System
Solar System Solar System

... What is the difference between revolving and rotating? (Revolving is moving in a path around something; rotating is turning on an axis.) Discuss with students the meaning of the word system. (a group of objects that work together as one unit) Discuss that in a system, the parts usually have an effec ...
2.4 Statistical properties of radial velocity planets
2.4 Statistical properties of radial velocity planets

Q in the Solar System
Q in the Solar System

... The asymmetrical position of lhe tidal bulges with respect to the line of centers, Mm, introduces a net torque between the planet and satellite. Because the satellite is attracted more strongly b y the near side bulge which is leading it in longitude, the torque acts to transfer angular momentum and ...
Solar System
Solar System

... The solar system consists of planets and other bodies that orbit the sun in predictable paths. a) The sun, an average star, central and largest body in the solar system, made of hydrogen and helium. b) Solar system contains: Earth, moon, sun, eight other planets and their satellites, smaller object ...
Exoplanet Discovery
Exoplanet Discovery

Our Place in the Cosmos Elective Course Autumn 2006
Our Place in the Cosmos Elective Course Autumn 2006

... gravitational forces directly, but he was able to show that his law of gravity predicted that the planets should orbit the Sun just as Kepler’s empirical laws described • Newton was thus able to explain Kepler’s laws • Gravity is just one example of a physical law that was first tested by astronomic ...
Lecture 2: Exoplanets and life
Lecture 2: Exoplanets and life

... •  Venus spectrum: photons emanate from cold, high parts of the (IR-optically thick) atmosphere. No photons here go from the hot 735 K surface directly to space. •  Exoplanets: we may need to infer the amount of greenhouse gases from spectra and use models to estimate the surface temperature if ther ...
6 March 2013 Exoplanets and Where to Find Them Professor
6 March 2013 Exoplanets and Where to Find Them Professor

... parts of the disc are inclined at about 5° relative to the outer regions. When first discovered, the disturbances (particularly the clear dust-free gap) were attributed to the presence of one or more exoplanets in the system, and in 2008 infrared images finally detected a point source in this clear ...
First Week slides - UNLV Physics - University of Nevada, Las Vegas
First Week slides - UNLV Physics - University of Nevada, Las Vegas

... Neptune is the furthest planet from the Sun. ...
The Sky Above: A First Look
The Sky Above: A First Look

... basketball-size sun. This segment is modeled after The Thousand-Yard Model or The Earth as a Peppercorn by Guy Ottewell. This pamphlet can be obtained from the Astronomical Workshop, Furman University, Greenville, S.C. 29613. Using this pamphlet as a guide, your students can duplicate the demonstrat ...
The Outer Planets and Their Moons
The Outer Planets and Their Moons

... Saturn’s Rings and Moons • What causes the formation of planetary ring systems? At distances between two and three planetary diameters from the mother planet, tidal forces are large enough to pull a moon or moonlet apart. The ring systems of all four gas giants are inside this distance. Tidal force ...
The Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey: A 3.1 M⊕ Planet in the
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... extending detection levels into the range of planets with masses less than 10 M⊕ , commonly referred to as “Super-Earths”. This level of precision is now bringing within reach one of the holy grails of exoplanet research, the detection of ∼Earth-size planets orbiting in the habitable zones (HZ) of s ...
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... Eq. (1.5) and the corresponding parameter  play a key role in this paper. As for the physical meaning of Eq. (1.5), it describes the relative motion of the centre of mass of 2-nd giant-body m₂ (Planet) and the centre of mass of 3-rd body (Moon) with the effective mass (m₂ + m₃), which are rotatin ...
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ASTRONOMY 1010 – End of Semester Project Building a True

... This cloud is thought to be a spherical distribution of icy asteroids stretching almost halfway to the next star. On the scale of the Sun in the case, its extent is so great we can’t fit it on campus, let alone Cookeville, or even Tennessee. In fact it’s represented on a map in the display case next ...
Broward County Benchmark Correlation
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... resolution that involves the definition of a planet. Planets and other bodies in our Solar System are now categorized in the following way: • Planet Celestial body that (a) is in orbit around the Sun, (b) has sufficient mass for its selfgravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydr ...
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... The four large Galilean moons are named after other people in Zeus’ life, most are his lovers. Jupiter is considered one of the gas planets. The gas planets are the planets in our solar system which do not have solid surfaces, their gaseous material simply gets denser with depth. What we see when l ...
Planetary Satellites,Asteroids,Comets
Planetary Satellites,Asteroids,Comets

... of discovered moons has doubled, with each of the giant planets having had several small (below 20 km) moons identified by astronomers using large ground-based telescopes. It is anticipated, however, that the number could well treble over the next decade, as more distant moons ranging down to about ...
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ESSR_HOS_Panspermia_V01

... The idea that the seeds of life are ubiquitous throughout the cosmos goes back to Anaxagoras, a Greek philosopher. In the 1800s, French chemist Louis Pasteur proposed that spontaneous generation of life could not have occurred on Earth. British physicist Lord Kelvin and others jumped on Pasteur's ba ...
Exam 2
Exam 2

... The best explanation of the greenhouse effect is: a) more sunlight strikes the planet's surface than normal. b) the surface of the planet is darker than normal. c) infrared radiation is trapped by the planet's atmosphere. d) cloud cover prevents the atmosphere from escaping. e) cloud cover prevents ...
The Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey: A 3.1 M_Earth Planet in the
The Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey: A 3.1 M_Earth Planet in the

... extending detection levels into the range of planets with masses less than 10 M⊕ , commonly referred to as “Super-Earths”. This level of precision is now bringing within reach one of the holy grails of exoplanet research, the detection of ∼Earth-size planets orbiting in the habitable zones (HZ) of s ...
Astronomy for Kids - Uranus
Astronomy for Kids - Uranus

... The pale blue image we see of Uranus hides the fact that the surface of the planet is swept by "winds" moving along at several hundred miles per hour. Scientists were able to detemine this by carefully studying the images that Voyager sent back. A World on Tilt When Voyager arrived at Uranus, it dis ...
Moons, Pluto, and Rings
Moons, Pluto, and Rings

... Titan: Moon with Atmosphere (2) Titan’s atmosphere has a pressure 1.6 times Earth's is comprised of mostly nitrogen, plus 6% argon and a few percent methane has trace amounts of organic compounds (such as carbon monoxide, ethane, and hydrogen cyanide) and water has multiple layers of clouds the bot ...
Apr 2017 - Bays Mountain Park
Apr 2017 - Bays Mountain Park

... west just above and left of Aldebaran. On the evening of the 6th/ ...
Disk-planet interaction
Disk-planet interaction

... stake 1600 by Holy Roman Inquisition (though not predominantly for that!). William of Vorilong (ca. 1450) thought that it is "not fitting" for Christ to go to another world to die again. And there is no mention of other worlds in Scriptures. Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) did not believe that stars are ...
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Planets beyond Neptune



Following the discovery of the planet Neptune in 1846, there was considerable speculation that another planet might exist beyond its orbit. The search began in the mid-19th century and culminated at the start of the 20th with Percival Lowell's quest for Planet X. Lowell proposed the Planet X hypothesis to explain apparent discrepancies in the orbits of the giant planets, particularly Uranus and Neptune, speculating that the gravity of a large unseen ninth planet could have perturbed Uranus enough to account for the irregularities.Clyde Tombaugh's discovery of Pluto in 1930 appeared to validate Lowell's hypothesis, and Pluto was officially named the ninth planet. In 1978, Pluto was conclusively determined to be too small for its gravity to affect the giant planets, resulting in a brief search for a tenth planet. The search was largely abandoned in the early 1990s, when a study of measurements made by the Voyager 2 spacecraft found that the irregularities observed in Uranus's orbit were due to a slight overestimation of Neptune's mass. After 1992, the discovery of numerous small icy objects with similar or even wider orbits than Pluto led to a debate over whether Pluto should remain a planet, or whether it and its neighbours should, like the asteroids, be given their own separate classification. Although a number of the larger members of this group were initially described as planets, in 2006 the International Astronomical Union reclassified Pluto and its largest neighbours as dwarf planets, leaving Neptune the farthest known planet in the Solar System.Today, the astronomical community widely agrees that Planet X, as originally envisioned, does not exist, but the concept of Planet X has been revived by a number of astronomers to explain other anomalies observed in the outer Solar System. In popular culture, and even among some astronomers, Planet X has become a stand-in term for any undiscovered planet in the outer Solar System, regardless of its relationship to Lowell's hypothesis. Other trans-Neptunian planets have also been suggested, based on different evidence. As of March 2014, observations with the WISE telescope have ruled out the possibility of a Saturn-sized object out to 10,000 AU, and a Jupiter-sized or larger object out to 26,000 AU.
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