Black Holes and Relativity (Professor Powerpoint)
... time when things move. The object is "rotated" out of one of the space dimensions and into the time dimension. If you were in space and a rocket ship moved by you extremely rapidly (close to the speed of light), it would appear shorter. That's because the front of the ship has been "rotated" into th ...
... time when things move. The object is "rotated" out of one of the space dimensions and into the time dimension. If you were in space and a rocket ship moved by you extremely rapidly (close to the speed of light), it would appear shorter. That's because the front of the ship has been "rotated" into th ...
Black Holes - West Library
... Black Holes suck in everything around them. o Black holes aren’t vacuums and don’t suck in matter. They affect objects around them with their gravitational force. Stars increase their gravitational pull as they become black holes o Actually, the gravitational force of a black hole is equal to whatev ...
... Black Holes suck in everything around them. o Black holes aren’t vacuums and don’t suck in matter. They affect objects around them with their gravitational force. Stars increase their gravitational pull as they become black holes o Actually, the gravitational force of a black hole is equal to whatev ...
Time From the Perspective of a Particle Physicist
... White Dwarves Mass vs Radius S. Chandrashekar 1910-1995 worked out in 1930 on boat from India to England prior to grad school. Later became professor at Chicago. Nobel prize 1983 ...
... White Dwarves Mass vs Radius S. Chandrashekar 1910-1995 worked out in 1930 on boat from India to England prior to grad school. Later became professor at Chicago. Nobel prize 1983 ...
Parallax, Event Horizon, HR diagrams equation
... Physics : distance to the stars and counting the stars "1 Light Year is the distance traveled by light in one year." 1 light year (ly) is equivalent to: 63,270 AU Closer stars could appear larger. More distant stars could be very large, but seem small. How can we tell which stars are farther away? ...
... Physics : distance to the stars and counting the stars "1 Light Year is the distance traveled by light in one year." 1 light year (ly) is equivalent to: 63,270 AU Closer stars could appear larger. More distant stars could be very large, but seem small. How can we tell which stars are farther away? ...
What tool do astronomers use to understand the evolution of stars?
... Mass-Lifetime relation • The lifetime of a star (on the main sequence) is longer if more fuel is available and shorter if that fuel is burned more rapidly • The available fuel is (roughly) proportional to the mass of the star • From the previous, we known that luminosity is much higher for higher m ...
... Mass-Lifetime relation • The lifetime of a star (on the main sequence) is longer if more fuel is available and shorter if that fuel is burned more rapidly • The available fuel is (roughly) proportional to the mass of the star • From the previous, we known that luminosity is much higher for higher m ...
Slide 1
... shell produce more energy than needed for pressure support Expansion and cooling of the outer layers of the star Red ...
... shell produce more energy than needed for pressure support Expansion and cooling of the outer layers of the star Red ...
Stars Study Guide KEY
... Originally, the universe was tiny, hot, and dense. (Everything was compressed together into a small ball.) Then, an enormous explosion threw matter in all directions. (The matter eventually formed everything that we now see.) 18. What evidence is used to support the theory? (Tell two) Galaxies are s ...
... Originally, the universe was tiny, hot, and dense. (Everything was compressed together into a small ball.) Then, an enormous explosion threw matter in all directions. (The matter eventually formed everything that we now see.) 18. What evidence is used to support the theory? (Tell two) Galaxies are s ...
Presentation
... Prialnik, Dina (2000). An Introduction to the Theory of Stellar Structure and Evolution. Cambridge University Press. Stahler, S. W. & Palla, F. (2004). The Formation of Stars. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. ...
... Prialnik, Dina (2000). An Introduction to the Theory of Stellar Structure and Evolution. Cambridge University Press. Stahler, S. W. & Palla, F. (2004). The Formation of Stars. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. ...
Test 3
... 23) Suppose you have two stars tugging on each other with a force of 10 38 Newtons of force. Now you double the distance between them. What is the new force? a) ¼ × 1038 b) ½ × 1038 c) 2 × 1038 d) 4 × 1038 24) A planet moves faster along its orbit a) when near the sun b) when far from the sun c) at ...
... 23) Suppose you have two stars tugging on each other with a force of 10 38 Newtons of force. Now you double the distance between them. What is the new force? a) ¼ × 1038 b) ½ × 1038 c) 2 × 1038 d) 4 × 1038 24) A planet moves faster along its orbit a) when near the sun b) when far from the sun c) at ...
solutions
... 10 seconds actually, or 0.1 s using the result of part ’C’). A 7 × 104 g person (with the same density as water) is 4 × 104 times smaller than the tank, so finally: during the supernova, there were about 1013 (or 1011 for a 10s dispersion) neutrinos passing through your body per second. 1Because the ...
... 10 seconds actually, or 0.1 s using the result of part ’C’). A 7 × 104 g person (with the same density as water) is 4 × 104 times smaller than the tank, so finally: during the supernova, there were about 1013 (or 1011 for a 10s dispersion) neutrinos passing through your body per second. 1Because the ...
poll_questions
... It is much more difficult to escape the surface of a neutron star compared to a normal star because ...
... It is much more difficult to escape the surface of a neutron star compared to a normal star because ...
The Origin of Stars
... gas is blown away, but its thermal energy comes from gravitational contraction, not fusion 4) The collapsing gas becomes a young stellar object with an accretion disk and jets 4) When the young stellar object begins fusing hydrogen into helium it becomes a true star ...
... gas is blown away, but its thermal energy comes from gravitational contraction, not fusion 4) The collapsing gas becomes a young stellar object with an accretion disk and jets 4) When the young stellar object begins fusing hydrogen into helium it becomes a true star ...
Stellar Evolution – Life of a Star
... • White Dwarfs are also burning, but these stars burn heavier elements (e.g. C). Each burning creates and burns a heavier element (e.g, Ne, O, Si, S and Fe). The burning raises the core temperature and each elemental burning period is shorter than the previous. Fusion cannot continue after Fe, inter ...
... • White Dwarfs are also burning, but these stars burn heavier elements (e.g. C). Each burning creates and burns a heavier element (e.g, Ne, O, Si, S and Fe). The burning raises the core temperature and each elemental burning period is shorter than the previous. Fusion cannot continue after Fe, inter ...
Lecture 17: General Relativity and Black Holes
... *Page numbers in Freedman & Kaufmann, 9th ed “Universe” ...
... *Page numbers in Freedman & Kaufmann, 9th ed “Universe” ...
Slide 1
... The minimum accretion rate limit for the neutrino-powered jets, in the Schwarzschild black hole models, results in GRB durations up to 40-100 s. The minimum accretion rate and BH spin limit, for jets powered by both neutrinos and black hole spin, results in GRB durations up to 50-130 s. The above va ...
... The minimum accretion rate limit for the neutrino-powered jets, in the Schwarzschild black hole models, results in GRB durations up to 40-100 s. The minimum accretion rate and BH spin limit, for jets powered by both neutrinos and black hole spin, results in GRB durations up to 50-130 s. The above va ...
Nova & SuperNova - Heart of the Valley Astronomers
... Why? Think crudely about the electrons as "trying" to fit themselves into a MaxwellBoltzmann distribution, but failing because there are only so many states available in position-momentum space. Specifically, the exclusion principle limits them on the low-momentum end, so a degenerate gas will tend ...
... Why? Think crudely about the electrons as "trying" to fit themselves into a MaxwellBoltzmann distribution, but failing because there are only so many states available in position-momentum space. Specifically, the exclusion principle limits them on the low-momentum end, so a degenerate gas will tend ...
Hubble’s Law & Black Holes at a Galaxy’s Center
... do not. How does a thing know what to do? 3. Sagredo explains: The fundamental reason is a. Galaxies move away; other things do not. b. Big objects move away; little objects do not. c. If the force holding the object is big enough, it does not move away. d. Nearby objects do not move away; distant o ...
... do not. How does a thing know what to do? 3. Sagredo explains: The fundamental reason is a. Galaxies move away; other things do not. b. Big objects move away; little objects do not. c. If the force holding the object is big enough, it does not move away. d. Nearby objects do not move away; distant o ...
BlackBubbles2013
... Near Black Holes An astronaut descending down towards the event horizon of the black hole will be stretched vertically (tidal effects) and squeezed laterally unless the black hole is very large like thousands of solar masses, so the multi-million solar mass black hole in the center of the galaxy is ...
... Near Black Holes An astronaut descending down towards the event horizon of the black hole will be stretched vertically (tidal effects) and squeezed laterally unless the black hole is very large like thousands of solar masses, so the multi-million solar mass black hole in the center of the galaxy is ...
Handout 15: Virial Theorem E = P.E. + K.E = (1/2)P.E. = -K.E.
... Satellite speeds up! Gas drag causes speed to increase Half the decrease in P.E. goes into heating up the atmosphere ...
... Satellite speeds up! Gas drag causes speed to increase Half the decrease in P.E. goes into heating up the atmosphere ...
Astronomy 12 - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
... (ii) The Sun's principal reaction is the proton-proton (p-p) chain reaction, in which 4 hydrogen atoms (protons) are converted into a 4-He nucleus (alpha particle). Each p-p reaction releases 4.2x10-12 Joules of energy. Use this number and the luminosity of the Sun to calculate how many p-p reaction ...
... (ii) The Sun's principal reaction is the proton-proton (p-p) chain reaction, in which 4 hydrogen atoms (protons) are converted into a 4-He nucleus (alpha particle). Each p-p reaction releases 4.2x10-12 Joules of energy. Use this number and the luminosity of the Sun to calculate how many p-p reaction ...
PhD Qualifying Exam (2010) --
... the Jeans mass. For a cloud of uniform temperature T, and average density ρ, find its Jeans mass. (5 points) (b) As a cloud collapses often it fragments, until a lower mass limit of fragments is reached. Find this minimum mass. (5 points) (c) Assuming that a star of mass M has no nuclear energy sour ...
... the Jeans mass. For a cloud of uniform temperature T, and average density ρ, find its Jeans mass. (5 points) (b) As a cloud collapses often it fragments, until a lower mass limit of fragments is reached. Find this minimum mass. (5 points) (c) Assuming that a star of mass M has no nuclear energy sour ...
Cygnus X-1
Cygnus X-1 (abbreviated Cyg X-1) is a well-known galactic X-ray source, thought to be a black hole, in the constellation Cygnus. It was discovered in 1964 during a rocket flight and is one of the strongest X-ray sources seen from Earth, producing a peak X-ray flux density of 6977229999999999999♠2.3×10−23 Wm−2 Hz−1 (7003230000000000000♠2.3×103 Jansky). Cygnus X-1 was the first X-ray source widely accepted to be a black hole and it remains among the most studied astronomical objects in its class. The compact object is now estimated to have a mass about 14.8 times the mass of the Sun and has been shown to be too small to be any known kind of normal star, or other likely object besides a black hole. If so, the radius of its event horizon is about 7004440000000000000♠44 km.Cygnus X-1 belongs to a high-mass X-ray binary system about 7019574266339685654♠6070 ly from the Sun that includes a blue supergiant variable star designated HDE 226868 which it orbits at about 0.2 AU, or 20% of the distance from the Earth to the Sun. A stellar wind from the star provides material for an accretion disk around the X-ray source. Matter in the inner disk is heated to millions of degrees, generating the observed X-rays. A pair of jets, arranged perpendicular to the disk, are carrying part of the energy of the infalling material away into interstellar space.This system may belong to a stellar association called Cygnus OB3, which would mean that Cygnus X-1 is about five million years old and formed from a progenitor star that had more than 7001400000000000000♠40 solar masses. The majority of the star's mass was shed, most likely as a stellar wind. If this star had then exploded as a supernova, the resulting force would most likely have ejected the remnant from the system. Hence the star may have instead collapsed directly into a black hole.Cygnus X-1 was the subject of a friendly scientific wager between physicists Stephen Hawking and Kip Thorne in 1975, with Hawking betting that it was not a black hole. He conceded the bet in 1990 after observational data had strengthened the case that there was indeed a black hole in the system. This hypothesis has not been confirmed due to a lack of direct observation but has generally been accepted from indirect evidence.