Measurement of the earthshine polarization in the B, V, R, and I
... Context. Earth-like, extra-solar planets may soon become observable with upcoming high contrast polarimeters. Therefore, the characterization of the polarimetric properties of the planet Earth is important for the interpretation of expected observations and the planning of future instruments. Aims. ...
... Context. Earth-like, extra-solar planets may soon become observable with upcoming high contrast polarimeters. Therefore, the characterization of the polarimetric properties of the planet Earth is important for the interpretation of expected observations and the planning of future instruments. Aims. ...
Hafnium isotope evidence for slab melt contributions in the Central
... et al., 2008), although the same types of observations have also been used to argue for crustal assimilation (e.g., Siebe et al., 2004; Schaaf et al., 2005; Torres-Alvarado et al., 2011). However these studies did not report Hf isotope ratios which, as we show here, add important supporting evidence ...
... et al., 2008), although the same types of observations have also been used to argue for crustal assimilation (e.g., Siebe et al., 2004; Schaaf et al., 2005; Torres-Alvarado et al., 2011). However these studies did not report Hf isotope ratios which, as we show here, add important supporting evidence ...
Unusual nickel and copper to noble
... cesses that led to the formation of the rocks. The minimum number of processes that can be considered would be: partial melting of the mantle, followed by intrusion of the resulting magma into the crust (during this process the composition of the initial magma may have changed due to crystal fractio ...
... cesses that led to the formation of the rocks. The minimum number of processes that can be considered would be: partial melting of the mantle, followed by intrusion of the resulting magma into the crust (during this process the composition of the initial magma may have changed due to crystal fractio ...
Planet X, Comets and Earth Changes
... astronomers still resist accepting his theoretical work, he is generally well respected amongst his peers in these communities when attending professional conferences. He is what some have called “the last of the independent scientists” who were able to work “on the inside” and still remain active t ...
... astronomers still resist accepting his theoretical work, he is generally well respected amongst his peers in these communities when attending professional conferences. He is what some have called “the last of the independent scientists” who were able to work “on the inside” and still remain active t ...
Geosystems, 7e (Christopherson) Chapter 2 Solar Energy to Earth
... 12) Light travels at a speed of approximately A) 80,500 kilometers per hour (50,000 mph). B) 300,000 kilometers per hour (186,336 mph). C) 300,000 kilometers per second (186,333 miles per second). D) 1,000,000,000 kilometers per second (621,118,012 miles per second). Answer: C Diff: 1 ...
... 12) Light travels at a speed of approximately A) 80,500 kilometers per hour (50,000 mph). B) 300,000 kilometers per hour (186,336 mph). C) 300,000 kilometers per second (186,333 miles per second). D) 1,000,000,000 kilometers per second (621,118,012 miles per second). Answer: C Diff: 1 ...
Origin of carbonatites in the South Qinling orogen:
... collision in the Triassic, and hosts several carbonatite intrusions of Triassic age. These rocks provide critical information about deep mantle sources in the collisional environment and the role of crust recycling in magma generation. Previous studies show that the carbonatites not associated with ...
... collision in the Triassic, and hosts several carbonatite intrusions of Triassic age. These rocks provide critical information about deep mantle sources in the collisional environment and the role of crust recycling in magma generation. Previous studies show that the carbonatites not associated with ...
Seeing Saturn Cart
... What are Saturn’s clouds made of? Like Jupiter, Saturn is about 75% hydrogen and 25% helium with traces of water, methane, ammonia and "rock", similar to the composition of the primordial Solar Nebula from which the solar system was formed. Winds in the upper atmosphere of Saturn reach up to 1600 fe ...
... What are Saturn’s clouds made of? Like Jupiter, Saturn is about 75% hydrogen and 25% helium with traces of water, methane, ammonia and "rock", similar to the composition of the primordial Solar Nebula from which the solar system was formed. Winds in the upper atmosphere of Saturn reach up to 1600 fe ...
Provenance of zircon of the lowermost sedimentary cover, Estonia
... KONSA, MARE and PUURA, VÄINÖ 1999. Provenance of zircon of the lowermost sedimentary cover, Estonia, East-European Craton. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland, Number 71, Part 2, 253-273. Bulk and accessory mineral composition of fresh and weathered crystalline rocks, and sedimentary depos ...
... KONSA, MARE and PUURA, VÄINÖ 1999. Provenance of zircon of the lowermost sedimentary cover, Estonia, East-European Craton. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland, Number 71, Part 2, 253-273. Bulk and accessory mineral composition of fresh and weathered crystalline rocks, and sedimentary depos ...
34 - School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology
... We’ve seen that core formation was probably complete well within 100 Myr of the beginning of accretion, and that it probably involved significant amounts of melting of silicate rock in the mantle. 4.45 Ga is 100 Myr after the start of acretion. Core formation timing suggests that an early planetary ...
... We’ve seen that core formation was probably complete well within 100 Myr of the beginning of accretion, and that it probably involved significant amounts of melting of silicate rock in the mantle. 4.45 Ga is 100 Myr after the start of acretion. Core formation timing suggests that an early planetary ...
ABSTRACT
... that I could write a better story-telling introduction about the history of celestial dynamics. I had hoped to do many other things in this dissertation until I was at the point of running out of time. But here it is - the work I have spent seven years on. This dissertation is organized in four part ...
... that I could write a better story-telling introduction about the history of celestial dynamics. I had hoped to do many other things in this dissertation until I was at the point of running out of time. But here it is - the work I have spent seven years on. This dissertation is organized in four part ...
Contrast analysis between the trajectory of the planetary system and
... of the Sun and solar activity are currently attracting considerable attention in academia (Jose, 1965; Damon et al., 1986, 1989; Tlatov, 2007). The movement of the planetary system’s barycenter and the rotation of the Sun’s barycenter about the solar system’s barycenter show the same significant per ...
... of the Sun and solar activity are currently attracting considerable attention in academia (Jose, 1965; Damon et al., 1986, 1989; Tlatov, 2007). The movement of the planetary system’s barycenter and the rotation of the Sun’s barycenter about the solar system’s barycenter show the same significant per ...
TAKS objective 5 Earth and Space Systems
... Comets Comets are made of various solids (like dirt & dust) and ice crystals. When their orbits take them close to the sun, dust and ice heat up to produce a “tail” behind the comet. Larger comets may even become visible without the aid of a telescope. ...
... Comets Comets are made of various solids (like dirt & dust) and ice crystals. When their orbits take them close to the sun, dust and ice heat up to produce a “tail” behind the comet. Larger comets may even become visible without the aid of a telescope. ...
Lecture #29
... mostly of hydrogen, helium, and methane and possessing a strong internal heat source ...
... mostly of hydrogen, helium, and methane and possessing a strong internal heat source ...
Ch. 11 - Astro1010
... the Van Allen belts but vastly larger Magnetosphere is 30 million km across ...
... the Van Allen belts but vastly larger Magnetosphere is 30 million km across ...
Presentation in PDF format.
... 1. Earth as a short, squat cylinder three times as wide as long, surrounded by air and floating freely at the centre of the observable Universe in an infinite space. 2. Sun, planets, stars are enclosed circular hoops of fire; they only become visible due to holes in their enclosing hoops, which allo ...
... 1. Earth as a short, squat cylinder three times as wide as long, surrounded by air and floating freely at the centre of the observable Universe in an infinite space. 2. Sun, planets, stars are enclosed circular hoops of fire; they only become visible due to holes in their enclosing hoops, which allo ...
Dawes Review. The tidal downsizing hypothesis of planet formation
... However, before the clumps are destroyed, solid planetary cores are formed inside them when grains grow and sediment to the centre (McCrea & Williams, 1965). In this scenario, the inner four planets in the Solar System are the remnant cores of such massive gas condesations. Jupiter, on the other han ...
... However, before the clumps are destroyed, solid planetary cores are formed inside them when grains grow and sediment to the centre (McCrea & Williams, 1965). In this scenario, the inner four planets in the Solar System are the remnant cores of such massive gas condesations. Jupiter, on the other han ...
The Origin of Comets - Wesley Grove Chapel
... gravitational pull from the Sun than from the Moon. This is because the Sun’s huge mass (27 million times greater than that of the Moon) more than makes up for the Sun’s greater distance. However, ocean tides are caused primarily by the Moon, not the Sun. This is because the Sun pulls the droplet an ...
... gravitational pull from the Sun than from the Moon. This is because the Sun’s huge mass (27 million times greater than that of the Moon) more than makes up for the Sun’s greater distance. However, ocean tides are caused primarily by the Moon, not the Sun. This is because the Sun pulls the droplet an ...
EVOLUTION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN CORDILLERA William R
... flexure from sediment loading of oceanic crust offshore (Fedo & Cooper 2001). The evidence for two rift events (Colpron et al. 2002), spaced 160–170 million years apart in pre-Windermere and latest Neoproterozoic time, suggests the possibility that two different continental blocks, one west of Canad ...
... flexure from sediment loading of oceanic crust offshore (Fedo & Cooper 2001). The evidence for two rift events (Colpron et al. 2002), spaced 160–170 million years apart in pre-Windermere and latest Neoproterozoic time, suggests the possibility that two different continental blocks, one west of Canad ...
evolution of the north american cordillera
... flexure from sediment loading of oceanic crust offshore (Fedo & Cooper 2001). The evidence for two rift events (Colpron et al. 2002), spaced 160–170 million years apart in pre-Windermere and latest Neoproterozoic time, suggests the possibility that two different continental blocks, one west of Canad ...
... flexure from sediment loading of oceanic crust offshore (Fedo & Cooper 2001). The evidence for two rift events (Colpron et al. 2002), spaced 160–170 million years apart in pre-Windermere and latest Neoproterozoic time, suggests the possibility that two different continental blocks, one west of Canad ...
The Terrestrial Planets: Geology
... The terrestrial planets (including our Moon) have a wide variety of appearances. What is the main cause of their geological differences (as opposed to the presence or absence of life)? ...
... The terrestrial planets (including our Moon) have a wide variety of appearances. What is the main cause of their geological differences (as opposed to the presence or absence of life)? ...
Astronomy Test Review
... ____ 24. Kepler’s third law describes the relationship between the average distance of a planet from the sun and the planet’s a. orbital period. c. gravitational pull. b. average temperature. d. inertia. ____ 25. Kepler’s second law states that equal areas are covered in equal amounts of time as an ...
... ____ 24. Kepler’s third law describes the relationship between the average distance of a planet from the sun and the planet’s a. orbital period. c. gravitational pull. b. average temperature. d. inertia. ____ 25. Kepler’s second law states that equal areas are covered in equal amounts of time as an ...
The Problem with Pluto
... studying the orbits of Uranus and Neptune predicted that Pluto was at least as big as Earth and immediately classified it as the ninth planet. Pluto quickly rose to the status of a public icon, embraced by Americans as the first planet discovered by one of their own countrymen. Astronomers aided by ...
... studying the orbits of Uranus and Neptune predicted that Pluto was at least as big as Earth and immediately classified it as the ninth planet. Pluto quickly rose to the status of a public icon, embraced by Americans as the first planet discovered by one of their own countrymen. Astronomers aided by ...
On the chaotic orbit of comet 29P/Schwassmann
... objects possess an especially short residence time and have a 98% chance to ...
... objects possess an especially short residence time and have a 98% chance to ...
Late Heavy Bombardment
The Late Heavy Bombardment (abbreviated LHB and also known as the lunar cataclysm) is a hypothetical event thought to have occurred approximately 4.1 to 3.8 billion years (Ga) ago, corresponding to the Neohadean and Eoarchean eras on Earth. During this interval, a disproportionately large number of asteroids apparently collided with the early terrestrial planets in the inner Solar System, including Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. The LHB happened after the Earth and other rocky planets had formed and accreted most of their mass, but still quite early in Earth's history.Evidence for the LHB derives from lunar samples brought back by the Apollo astronauts. Isotopic dating of Moon rocks implies that most impact melts occurred in a rather narrow interval of time. Several hypotheses are now offered to explain the apparent spike in the flux of impactors (i.e. asteroids and comets) in the inner Solar System, but no consensus yet exists. The Nice model is popular among planetary scientists; it postulates that the gas giant planets underwent orbital migration and scattered objects in the asteroid and/or Kuiper belts into eccentric orbits, and thereby into the path of the terrestrial planets. Other researchers argue that the lunar sample data do not require a cataclysmic cratering event near 3.9 Ga, and that the apparent clustering of impact melt ages near this time is an artifact of sampling materials retrieved from a single large impact basin. They also note that the rate of impact cratering could be significantly different between the outer and inner zones of the Solar System.