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SAB-2010
SAB-2010

... Based on the SAB suggestions, the progress has been made towards the goal of extending the annotation of pathway databases in Cyc and Wiki versions in an automated way. However to do that approach we have to streamline the data workflow and structure the current curated gene database as a central re ...
Chapter 9
Chapter 9

... Meiosis II  The second nuclear division  Sister chromatids of each chromosome are pulled away from each other  Each is now an individual chromosome ...
univERsity oF copEnhAGEn
univERsity oF copEnhAGEn

... the exon organisation of the FCN genes was very similar between all the non-human primates and the human FCN genes. Several variations in the FCN genes were found in more than one primate specie suggesting that they were carried from one species to another including humans. The amino acid diversity ...
PDF 743ko
PDF 743ko

... substrate and metamorphoses into a juvenile in 1–3 days. These juveniles grow into reproductive adults in 1–3 months. Micromanipulations (ablations, transfers, blastomere isolations and reassociations) are easily performed on eggs and large quantities of synchronous zygotes and embryos can be raised ...
Multi-petal cyclamen flowers produced by
Multi-petal cyclamen flowers produced by

... AB548890), two closely related class C paralogs similar to Arabidopsis AG. CpAG1 and CpAG2 share 90% amino acid identity. In Arabidopsis, transcripts of AG are expressed in whorls 3 and 44,7,8. In cyclamen, transcripts of CpAG1 were mainly detected in the stamen, and CpAG2 expression was mainly dete ...


... heritable during division, but appear unrelated to DNA sequence changes, and can be modified by environmental stimuli [4, 5]. In a more recent view, epigenetics encompasses “mitotically heritable alterations in gene expression potential” [6], a definition that we have favored in this paper. Epigenet ...
The Science of Psychology
The Science of Psychology

... to aging that assumes older people are happier if they remain active in some way, such as volunteering or developing a hobby. • Cellular clock theory - based on the idea that cells only have so many times that they can reproduce; once that limit is reached, damaged cells begin to accumulate. Menu ...
A Major Species of Mouse μ-opioid Receptor mRNA and Its
A Major Species of Mouse μ-opioid Receptor mRNA and Its

... 3ⴕ-RACE and DNA Sequencing. Total RNA was extracted from mouse brain as described under Northern Blot Analysis. The 3⬘RACE experiments were performed as described in the protocol of 3⬘-RACE System for rapid amplification of cDNA ends Kit (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). In brief, the first-strand cDNA wa ...
Physical Mapping of a 670-kb Region of Chromosomes XVI and XVII
Physical Mapping of a 670-kb Region of Chromosomes XVI and XVII

... arabic and roman numerals indicate the sizes and numbers of the chromosomal bands, respectively. The insert shows the hybridization of probes H49 and JL8 with bands XVI and XVII. (B) The size from 0.5–1.0 kb (Chiurillo chromosomal bands XVI (2.3 Mb) and XVII (2.6 Mb) were isolated from a preparative ...
Research in Biology
Research in Biology

... about the co-evolution of regulatory complexes and their cognate binding sites. Furthermore, expanding our studies to include species across greater evolutionary distance will allow us to test whether gene duplications between nematode species have facilitated evolutionary innovation. These studies ...
homolog of the agouti gene
homolog of the agouti gene

... Greenville, NC 27858 Communicated by Liane B. Russell, May 31, 1994 ...
Biosynthesis of flavonoids and effects of stress
Biosynthesis of flavonoids and effects of stress

... which may also explain their health-promoting qualities in animals. However, there is also evidence that flavonoids may function in plants to screen harmful radiation, bind phytotoxins, and help to regulate the stress response by controlling auxin transport. Understanding the molecular basis of flav ...
14_DetailLectOut_jkAR
14_DetailLectOut_jkAR

...  They had purple flowers because the allele for that trait is dominant. 4. 4. Mendel’s law of segregation states that the two alleles for a heritable character separate and segregate during gamete production and end up in different gametes.  This segregation of alleles corresponds to the distribut ...
2q13 microduplications
2q13 microduplications

... the centromere (coloured yellow in the image above). Region 2q13 is on the q arm of chromosome 2 in band 13 close to the centromere (highlighted in red and indicated with a red arrow in the image above). With any duplication, the amount of duplicated DNA can vary. If the amount is small it may not b ...
Genetics of Down Syndrome
Genetics of Down Syndrome

... partners or can be a hybrid structure originating from both of them. Robertsonian translocations involve about 5% of the cases of trisomy 21. Approximately 75% are formed de-novo in the carrier , and 25% are familial ( for review: Gardner and Sutherland, 2004). Among these, translocation 21/21 is an ...
Lecture 3 The chromosome theory of inheritance
Lecture 3 The chromosome theory of inheritance

... Each cell contains two copies of each chromosome Chromosome complements appear unchanged during transmission from parent to offspring. Homologous chromosomes pair and then separate to different gametes. Maternal and paternal copies of chromosome pairs separate without regard to the assortment of oth ...
The physics behind the larger scale organization of DNA in eukaryotes
The physics behind the larger scale organization of DNA in eukaryotes

... experiment a 167 bp repeat length was also probed, resulting in a 21.3 nm wide fiber with an NLD of 0.56 nucleosome nm−1 [19]. This might point to a 3-ribbon structure. The small discrepancy can be attributed to the approximations involved in the model that start to matter at such small fiber diamet ...
mendelian genetics
mendelian genetics

... The child later marries a blue-eyed woman. What chance would they have of having a blue-eyed child? ...
Study of TAS2R38 Genes for Bitter Taste Depending on Heredity of
Study of TAS2R38 Genes for Bitter Taste Depending on Heredity of

... The present study was done in humans, based on responses to some bitter compounds.Some show a bimodal distribution that distinguishes two phenotypes, tasters and non-tasters. Phenylthiourea (PTU), is an organosulfur thiourea containing a phenyl ring. The main objective of this study was to determine ...
Suppressors of Yeast Actin Mutations.
Suppressors of Yeast Actin Mutations.

... DNA was extracted from cultures of colonies that grew on these plates by the method of HOLMet al. (1986) and the complementing plasmids recovered in E. coli strain HBlO 1 by selecting for the plasmid's ampicillin-resistancegene. The restriction maps of the complementing plasmids (pRB390 and pRB391 a ...
Author`s personal copy
Author`s personal copy

... and Har. hispanica would provide considerable insights into the PHA metabolism and its regulation in the domain Archaea. If a highly efficient method for mutant construction is developed, a genome-wide analysis of gene function is possible (Hammelmann and Soppa, 2008). It would not only accelerate t ...
Genes involved in ovulation rate and litter size in sheep
Genes involved in ovulation rate and litter size in sheep

Section 11-1
Section 11-1

... are found on the same chromosome, does it mean they are linked forever? Study the diagram, which shows four genes labeled A–E and a–e, and then answer the questions on the next slide. ...
Notch activity induces Nodal expression and mediates the
Notch activity induces Nodal expression and mediates the

... been mutated (Fig. 2C). These results suggest that perinodal expression of Nodal may be regulated by conserved promoter elements that depend directly on Notch activity. To investigate whether these elements are functional in vivo, we utilized a transgenic approach in mice. A 355-bp fragment of the m ...
Meiosis
Meiosis

... • In a literal sense, children do not inherit particular physical traits from their parents – It is genes that are actually inherited ...
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Epigenetics of human development

Development before birth, including gametogenesis, embryogenesis, and fetal development, is the process of body development from the gametes are formed to eventually combine into a zygote to when the fully developed organism exits the uterus. Epigenetic processes are vital to fetal development due to the need to differentiate from a single cell to a variety of cell types that are arranged in such a way to produce cohesive tissues, organs, and systems.Epigenetic modifications such as methylation of CpGs (a dinucleotide composed of a 2'-deoxycytosine and a 2' deoxyguanosine) and histone tail modifications allow activation or repression of certain genes within a cell, in order to create cell memory either in favor of using a gene or not using a gene. These modifications can either originate from the parental DNA, or can be added to the gene by various proteins and can contribute to differentiation. Processes that alter the epigenetic profile of a gene include production of activating or repressing protein complexes, usage of non-coding RNAs to guide proteins capable of modification, and the proliferation of a signal by having protein complexes attract either another protein complex or more DNA in order to modify other locations in the gene.
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