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Safety Relays
Safety Relays

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... a relay sticks or if a transistor or two electrical conductors short-circuit. A safety relay will fulfill these requirements. A safety relay has, for example, inputs that are checked for short-circuits and dual redundant circuits that are checked at each operation. This can be compared to the dual b ...
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... - Note that when the CPU module detects an error, such as a watchdog timer error, during selfdiagnosis, all outputs are turned off. Also, when an error that cannot be detected by the CPU module occurs in an input/output control block, output control may be disabled. External circuits and mechanisms ...
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... but higher than VBATT, VCC is connected to OUT. If VCC is lower than VTH and VCC is less than VBATT, BATT is connected to OUT. OUT supplies up to 150mA from VCC. In battery-backup mode, an internal MOSFET connects the backup battery to OUT. The on-resistance of the MOSFET is a function of backup-bat ...
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... The MAX6800/MAX6801/MAX6802 microprocessor (µP) supervisory circuits monitor the power supplies in 2.85V to 5.0V µP and digital systems. They increase circuit reliability and reduce cost by eliminating external components and adjustments. These devices perform a single function—they assert a reset s ...
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Rectifier



A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC), which periodically reverses direction, to direct current (DC), which flows in only one direction. The process is known as rectification. Physically, rectifiers take a number of forms, including vacuum tube diodes, mercury-arc valves, copper and selenium oxide rectifiers, semiconductor diodes, silicon-controlled rectifiers and other silicon-based semiconductor switches. Historically, even synchronous electromechanical switches and motors have been used. Early radio receivers, called crystal radios, used a ""cat's whisker"" of fine wire pressing on a crystal of galena (lead sulfide) to serve as a point-contact rectifier or ""crystal detector"".Rectifiers have many uses, but are often found serving as components of DC power supplies and high-voltage direct current power transmission systems. Rectification may serve in roles other than to generate direct current for use as a source of power. As noted, detectors of radio signals serve as rectifiers. In gas heating systems flame rectification is used to detect presence of a flame.Because of the alternating nature of the input AC sine wave, the process of rectification alone produces a DC current that, though unidirectional, consists of pulses of current. Many applications of rectifiers, such as power supplies for radio, television and computer equipment, require a steady constant DC current (as would be produced by a battery). In these applications the output of the rectifier is smoothed by an electronic filter (usually a capacitor) to produce a steady current.More complex circuitry that performs the opposite function, converting DC to AC, is called an inverter.
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