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Characteristic Curves
Characteristic Curves

... • ßDC or hFE for a transistor is not always constant. Temperature and collector current both affect beta. • Keep junction temperature constant and increase IC causes ßDC to increases to maximum. Further increase IC beyond this maximum point cause ßDC to decrease. If IC is held constant and temperatu ...
Breakdown Phenomena of a Vacuum Interrupter after Current
Breakdown Phenomena of a Vacuum Interrupter after Current

... argument of the exponetial function decreases (equation 9) and the current density decreases. After the temperature reaches its peak (at 7µs) the current density remains almost constant, because both the electric field and the temperature starts decreasing. The behavior of the Jtf agrees with the Sc ...
Current Transformers Ratio / Polarity / Types
Current Transformers Ratio / Polarity / Types

... value which can be safely measured by the control or instrument circuit. Hall-Effect devices do not pose the same danger as conventional bus-bar or donuttype CT’s with regard to an open circuited secondary. (Note: some instrument current probes are conventional CT’s; these usually have a burden resi ...
RTR020P02
RTR020P02

... (such as audio visual equipment, office-automation equipment, communications devices, electrical appliances and electronic toys). Should you intend to use these products with equipment or devices which require an extremely high level of reliability and the malfunction of with would directly endanger ...
Paper 38 - Free-Energy Devices
Paper 38 - Free-Energy Devices

... power supply without some form of isolation circuitry. It appears I am now at the point that Gary Magratten was when trying to deal with a large pulse of energy and then measure it. Current circuit parameters are: 2000VAC @ 19.2Khz @ 20mA into a 12KV/40mA/100nS full wave bridge into a 2 stage marx g ...
DC Current Measurement Using Magnetic Flux in an Electronic Null
DC Current Measurement Using Magnetic Flux in an Electronic Null

Deney2
Deney2

... The aim of this experiment is to investigate the i-v characteristics of diode. Theory: The diode is a device formed from a junction of n-type and p-type semiconductor material. The lead connected to the p-type material is called the anode and the lead connected to the n-type material is the cathode. ...
Limiting short-circuit currents in medium-voltage
Limiting short-circuit currents in medium-voltage

... distribution equipment. For grass-roots on-shore sites this design philosophy is still used since it allows the use of standard electrical equipment. For existing sites and for off-shore facilities there is often insufficient room for the transformers. Should step-up and step-down transformers not b ...
High Efficiency Linear Regulator
High Efficiency Linear Regulator

... TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or the design of Buyers’ products. Buyers are responsible for their products and applications using TI components. To minimize the risks associated with Buyers’ products and applications, Buyers should provide adequate design and operating safeguar ...
AM-540 AM-550 AM-540-EUR AM-550-EUR
AM-540 AM-550 AM-540-EUR AM-550-EUR

Control Algorithms for Voltage Regulated Distribution Transformers
Control Algorithms for Voltage Regulated Distribution Transformers

... The evaluation of suitable control algorithms for all grids under study is conducted according to different criteria, which will be presented in the following. Maximum voltages In general, the aim of using VRDT is to mitigate violations of the allowable voltage band of +/-10% according to DIN EN 501 ...
FEATURES DESCRIPTION D
FEATURES DESCRIPTION D

... recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage. ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more susceptible ...
Generators
Generators

NP 2012 CBA 1 Q.
NP 2012 CBA 1 Q.

Special Sample and Hold Techniques Special Sample
Special Sample and Hold Techniques Special Sample

... Figure 3 details a circuit which extends the hold time to infinity with an acquisition time of 10 ms. Once a signal has been acquired, this circuit will hold its output with no droop for as long as is desired. If this arrangement, A4’s divided down output is fed directly to the circuit output via A5 ...
ACM - JNEC
ACM - JNEC

... Some of this motors which starts and run with single value of capacitance in the circuit are called single value capacitor run motors, others which starts with high values of capacitors but run with low value of capacitance are known as two value capacitor run motors. In case of single value capacit ...
MAX8664 Low-Cost, Dual-Output, Step-Down Controller with Fast Transient Response General Description
MAX8664 Low-Cost, Dual-Output, Step-Down Controller with Fast Transient Response General Description

... Controller with Fast Transient Response The MAX8664 dual-output PWM controller is a low-cost solution for dual power-supply systems. It provides two individual outputs that operate 180° out-of-phase to minimize input capacitance requirements. Built-in drivers are capable of driving external MOSFETs ...
Design of Analog Circuits in 28nm CMOS Technology for Physics
Design of Analog Circuits in 28nm CMOS Technology for Physics

... Despite that, the design of analog circuit in sub-nm technologies is mandatory in some cases or can be even helpful in others. For example, in mainly mixed-signal systems, the read-out electronic requires high frequency performance, so the choice of deep submicron technology is mandatory, also for t ...
S.T.A.R. Faulted Circuit Indicators
S.T.A.R. Faulted Circuit Indicators

... ■■ Low Pass Filter: Prevents the faulted circuit indicator from tripping on high frequency transients like those caused by cable capacitive discharges. ■■ Temperature Compensation Circuitry: Assures accurate and reliable performance over the entire specified temperature range, -40 °C to +85 °C, per ...
Lecture 37
Lecture 37

... But we can use a lower turns ratio that leads to lower reflected current in Q1: id-on = P/DVg = (200W) / (0.5)(350 V) = 1.15 A Conclusion: the active clamp circuit resets the forward converter transformer better. The designer can use this fact to better optimize the converter, by reducing the transi ...
BD9A101MUV-LB
BD9A101MUV-LB

active filter - Alpes Technologies
active filter - Alpes Technologies

... ACTIVE FILTER HARMONICS MITIGATION, COMPENSATION, LOAD BALANCING ...
philips - Indico
philips - Indico

Evaluation Board User Guide UG-336
Evaluation Board User Guide UG-336

... temporary, non-exclusive, non-sublicensable, non-transferable license to use the Evaluation Board FOR EVALUATION PURPOSES ONLY. Customer understands and agrees that the Evaluation Board is provided for the sole and exclusive purpose referenced above, and agrees not to use the Evaluation Board for an ...
AD667 数据手册DataSheet 下载
AD667 数据手册DataSheet 下载

... AD667 results from a combination of advanced switch design, high speed bipolar manufacturing process, and the proven laser wafer-trimming (LWT) technology. The AD667 is trimmed at the wafer level and is specified to ± 1/4 LSB maximum linearity error (K, B grades) at +25°C and ± 1/2 LSB over the full ...
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Rectifier



A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC), which periodically reverses direction, to direct current (DC), which flows in only one direction. The process is known as rectification. Physically, rectifiers take a number of forms, including vacuum tube diodes, mercury-arc valves, copper and selenium oxide rectifiers, semiconductor diodes, silicon-controlled rectifiers and other silicon-based semiconductor switches. Historically, even synchronous electromechanical switches and motors have been used. Early radio receivers, called crystal radios, used a ""cat's whisker"" of fine wire pressing on a crystal of galena (lead sulfide) to serve as a point-contact rectifier or ""crystal detector"".Rectifiers have many uses, but are often found serving as components of DC power supplies and high-voltage direct current power transmission systems. Rectification may serve in roles other than to generate direct current for use as a source of power. As noted, detectors of radio signals serve as rectifiers. In gas heating systems flame rectification is used to detect presence of a flame.Because of the alternating nature of the input AC sine wave, the process of rectification alone produces a DC current that, though unidirectional, consists of pulses of current. Many applications of rectifiers, such as power supplies for radio, television and computer equipment, require a steady constant DC current (as would be produced by a battery). In these applications the output of the rectifier is smoothed by an electronic filter (usually a capacitor) to produce a steady current.More complex circuitry that performs the opposite function, converting DC to AC, is called an inverter.
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