Writing a Compiler
... and prepared to be used by the compiler. So the preprocessor is a part from the compiler environment. The object file produced by the compiler is not ready to run. For example, if your program contains a statement like: y:=sqrt(x); then that square root (and functions like logs, character-string o ...
... and prepared to be used by the compiler. So the preprocessor is a part from the compiler environment. The object file produced by the compiler is not ready to run. For example, if your program contains a statement like: y:=sqrt(x); then that square root (and functions like logs, character-string o ...
Chapter 2
... The RAM address space is shared; No memory protection from each other The stacks of each thread are intended to be in separate RAM, but if one thread has a problem (e.g., with pointers or array addressing), it could write over the stack of another thread ...
... The RAM address space is shared; No memory protection from each other The stacks of each thread are intended to be in separate RAM, but if one thread has a problem (e.g., with pointers or array addressing), it could write over the stack of another thread ...
LEC6-FileSystem
... ° OS provide a way to map files into the address space of a running process; map() and unmap() • No read or write system calls are needed thereafter ...
... ° OS provide a way to map files into the address space of a running process; map() and unmap() • No read or write system calls are needed thereafter ...
Introduction to the Process
... – Security: limit the scope of what processes can do – Privacy: limit each process to the data it is permitted to access – Fairness: each should be limited to its appropriate share of system resources (CPU time, memory, I/O, etc) ...
... – Security: limit the scope of what processes can do – Privacy: limit each process to the data it is permitted to access – Fairness: each should be limited to its appropriate share of system resources (CPU time, memory, I/O, etc) ...
Chapter 1 - Gettysburg College Computer Science
... Java: an Introduction to Computer Science & Programming - Walter Savitch ...
... Java: an Introduction to Computer Science & Programming - Walter Savitch ...
File Management
... 4 File Management Metaphors Storage metaphors help you visualize and mentally organize the files on your disks and other storage devices ...
... 4 File Management Metaphors Storage metaphors help you visualize and mentally organize the files on your disks and other storage devices ...
Shared Memory IPC
... Locate each pointer within old version of the data Then translate pointers are required Requires both sides to traverse entire structure Not really feasible for shared memory ...
... Locate each pointer within old version of the data Then translate pointers are required Requires both sides to traverse entire structure Not really feasible for shared memory ...
thread
... Designing Threaded Programs • Shared Memory Model: – All threads have access to the same global, shared memory. – Threads also have their own private data. – Programmers are responsible for synchronizing access (protecting) globally shared data. ...
... Designing Threaded Programs • Shared Memory Model: – All threads have access to the same global, shared memory. – Threads also have their own private data. – Programmers are responsible for synchronizing access (protecting) globally shared data. ...
Distributed Systems --- Distribution and Operating Systems
... its own code, its own memory state and higher-level resources such as open files and windows Each time the kernel performs a context-switch, allowing a different process to run on the CPU, the old execution environment is switched out and is replaced with the new one Several processes, or execution ...
... its own code, its own memory state and higher-level resources such as open files and windows Each time the kernel performs a context-switch, allowing a different process to run on the CPU, the old execution environment is switched out and is replaced with the new one Several processes, or execution ...
Chapter 1
... Include directive: #include: a preprocessing directive to link this library to this program prior to execution. The <> says look in directory where the compiler is stored first. Later, you will write your own libraries and store them on your disk. Then you will use “file.h” which tells the compiler ...
... Include directive: #include: a preprocessing directive to link this library to this program prior to execution. The <> says look in directory where the compiler is stored first. Later, you will write your own libraries and store them on your disk. Then you will use “file.h” which tells the compiler ...
Operating Systems
... – allocate and protect memory, and provide applications with their own virtual address space, – present a set of (relatively) hardware independent virtual devices, – divide up storage space by using filing systems, and – do all this within the context of a security framework. • Remainder of this par ...
... – allocate and protect memory, and provide applications with their own virtual address space, – present a set of (relatively) hardware independent virtual devices, – divide up storage space by using filing systems, and – do all this within the context of a security framework. • Remainder of this par ...
Chapter 1
... Include directive: #include: a preprocessing directive to link this library to this program prior to execution. The <> says look in directory where the compiler is stored first. Later, you will write your own libraries and store them on your disk. Then you will use “file.h” which tells the compiler ...
... Include directive: #include: a preprocessing directive to link this library to this program prior to execution. The <> says look in directory where the compiler is stored first. Later, you will write your own libraries and store them on your disk. Then you will use “file.h” which tells the compiler ...
Operating System
... Usually the CPU can read data much faster from memory than it can from a disk or network connection, so it would like to keep an up-to-date copy of frequently used information in memory. The memory area used to do this is called a cache. You can think of the whole of the primary memory as being a ca ...
... Usually the CPU can read data much faster from memory than it can from a disk or network connection, so it would like to keep an up-to-date copy of frequently used information in memory. The memory area used to do this is called a cache. You can think of the whole of the primary memory as being a ca ...
Ch_04
... 4.2 Describe the actions taken by a thread library to context switch between user-level threads. Answer: Context switching between user threads is quite similar to switching between kernel threads, although it is dependent on the threads library and how it maps user threads to kernel threads. In gen ...
... 4.2 Describe the actions taken by a thread library to context switch between user-level threads. Answer: Context switching between user threads is quite similar to switching between kernel threads, although it is dependent on the threads library and how it maps user threads to kernel threads. In gen ...
Porting a SAS/AF Application from PC to a MAC
... Transport files are the vehicle by which SAS catalogs and data sets are moved from the PC to the Macintosh. As changes are made to the master copy, the associated catalogs need to be ported over to the Macintosh. The porting tool provides us a pointand-click interface to select the catalog entries t ...
... Transport files are the vehicle by which SAS catalogs and data sets are moved from the PC to the Macintosh. As changes are made to the master copy, the associated catalogs need to be ported over to the Macintosh. The porting tool provides us a pointand-click interface to select the catalog entries t ...
The Abstraction: The Process
... Once the code and static data are loaded into memory, there are a few other things the OS needs to do before running the process. Some memory must be allocated for the program’s run-time stack (or just stack). As you should likely already know, C programs use the stack for local variables, function ...
... Once the code and static data are loaded into memory, there are a few other things the OS needs to do before running the process. Some memory must be allocated for the program’s run-time stack (or just stack). As you should likely already know, C programs use the stack for local variables, function ...
Integrated End-to-End Dependability in the Loris Storage Stack,
... observe that even in a POSIX environment, many groups of applications do not share any state with each other, which means that it is not necessary to have a single VFS instance manage them all. With this in mind, we can divide the applications on the system into independent groups, each consisting o ...
... observe that even in a POSIX environment, many groups of applications do not share any state with each other, which means that it is not necessary to have a single VFS instance manage them all. With this in mind, we can divide the applications on the system into independent groups, each consisting o ...
ch11.pdf
... Logical file system : handles metadata that includes filesystem structure (e.g., directory structure and file control blocks ...
... Logical file system : handles metadata that includes filesystem structure (e.g., directory structure and file control blocks ...
ch18
... the kernel guarantees that it can proceed without the risk of concurrent access of shared data structures ...
... the kernel guarantees that it can proceed without the risk of concurrent access of shared data structures ...
cs320ch3powerpoint
... • In multiple core systems, some of the problems of scheduling multiple jobs concurrently on more than one processor would be handled in microcode on the ...
... • In multiple core systems, some of the problems of scheduling multiple jobs concurrently on more than one processor would be handled in microcode on the ...
Library (computing)
In computer science, a library is a collection of non-volatile resources used by computer programs, often to develop software. These may include configuration data, documentation, help data, message templates, pre-written code and subroutines, classes, values or type specifications. In IBM's OS/360 and its successors they are referred to as partitioned data sets.In computer science, a library is a collection of implementations of behavior, written in terms of a language, that has a well-defined interface by which the behavior is invoked. This means that as long as a higher level program uses a library to make system calls, it does not need to be re-written to implement those system calls over and over again. In addition, the behavior is provided for reuse by multiple independent programs. A program invokes the library-provided behavior via a mechanism of the language. For example, in a simple imperative language such as C, the behavior in a library is invoked by using C's normal function-call. What distinguishes the call as being to a library, versus being to another function in the same program, is the way that the code is organized in the system. Library code is organized in such a way that it can be used by multiple programs that have no connection to each other, while code that is part of a program is organized to only be used within that one program. This distinction can gain a hierarchical notion when a program grows large, such as a multi-million-line program. In that case, there may be internal libraries that are reused by independent sub-portions of the large program. The distinguishing feature is that a library is organized for the purposes of being reused by independent programs or sub-programs, and the user only needs to know the interface, and not the internal details of the library.The value of a library is the reuse of the behavior. When a program invokes a library, it gains the behavior implemented inside that library without having to implement that behavior itself. Libraries encourage the sharing of code in a modular fashion, and ease the distribution of the code. The behavior implemented by a library can be connected to the invoking program at different program lifecycle phases. If the code of the library is accessed during the build of the invoking program, then the library is called a static library. An alternative is to build the executable of the invoking program and distribute that, independently from the library implementation. The library behavior is connected after the executable has been invoked to be executed, either as part of the process of starting the execution, or in the middle of execution. In this case the library is called a dynamic library. A dynamic library can be loaded and linked as part of preparing a program for execution, by the linker. Alternatively, in the middle of execution, an application may explicitly request that a module be loaded.Most compiled languages have a standard library although programmers can also create their own custom libraries. Most modern software systems provide libraries that implement the majority of system services. Such libraries have commoditized the services which a modern application requires. As such, most code used by modern applications is provided in these system libraries.