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xxZx*x
xxZx*x

... A diploid cell that undergoes meiosis typically produces four haploid cells, which have precisely half the genetic material of the parent cell. The diploid cell has two complete sets ol chromosomes, and each of the haploid cells has a single complete set of chromosomes. Nondisjunction refers to an e ...
An Arabidopsis Minute
An Arabidopsis Minute

... arrested globular stage embryos (Fig. 2B,C). Cells of these arrested embryos were swollen (Fig. 2Aiii) and showed subcellular structures typical for mature embryos (Fig. 2D). Morphology of the endosperm appeared normal even in ovules that contained the most developmentally retarded class of embryos ...
Maternal plasma folate during pregnancy impacts differential DNA
Maternal plasma folate during pregnancy impacts differential DNA

Mapping quantitative trait loci and expressed sequence tags related
Mapping quantitative trait loci and expressed sequence tags related

... 2001, Yang et al. 2002). However, the BPH resistance conferred by these major genes is not durable; for example, Bph1 and bph2 can be overcome by BPH biotypes 2 and 3 (Pathak and Heinrichs 1982, Panda and Khush 1995). In contrast, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were found to confer more durable BPH ...
BSC 2011 MENDELIAN GENETICS PROBLEMS The following
BSC 2011 MENDELIAN GENETICS PROBLEMS The following

... will be formed, and what will the proportions be? 13. In cattle, the gene for hornless (H) is dominant to the gene for horned (h), the gene for black (B) is dominant to that of red (b), and the gene for white face (or Hereford spotting) (S) is dominant to that for solid color (s). A cow with the gen ...
The enduracidin biosynthetic gene cluster from
The enduracidin biosynthetic gene cluster from

... peptidoglycan biosynthesis by binding to the transglycosylase substrate Lipid II (Cudic et al., 2002; Fang et al., 2006). This substrate-binding mechanism is analogous to the vancomycin mode of action, but these different peptide antibiotics recognize distinct regions of Lipid II. The promising acti ...
One vitellogenin gene in an ocean of many: The molecular ecology
One vitellogenin gene in an ocean of many: The molecular ecology

... vertical transfer, while two novel paralogs arose during the R3 WGD event. One of these novel R3 products has been named aqp8b in previous works [4-8], however, since we now show that it likely evolved in conjunction with the aqp8ba paralog, a more congruous nomenclature is aqp8bb for the aqp8b tand ...
Prader-Willi syndrome with an unusually large 15q deletion due to
Prader-Willi syndrome with an unusually large 15q deletion due to

... failure to thrive in the postnatal period, delayed psychomotor development, hyperphagia, severe obesity, small feet, and hypogonadism. However, while patients with PWS usually have moderate mental retardation and good communication skills, our patient presented severe mental retardation and absence ...
Document
Document

... • The phenotype is dependent upon the allele at one locus interacting with an allele at another locus. Not a predictable outcome. • Allele X may affect the phenotype one way in the presence of allele A, and affect the phenotype another way in the presence of allele B. • Because of this dependence, t ...
Biology Pre-Learning Check
Biology Pre-Learning Check

... 2. _____ something that has more than one gene controlling it 3. _____ different form of a gene 4. _____ genetic cross where two traits are examined at once 5. _____ one allele does not completely suppress the other, the phenotypes mix 6. _____ chromosomes line up randomly during meiosis, thus genes ...
Dominant OR Recessive
Dominant OR Recessive

... On every gene is the code that provides you with your traits. For example, brown eyes are among the many options for eye color. You receive one half of the code from mom and one half from dad. Depending on how those codes match up, you may have brown, blue, green, or some other variation of eye colo ...
Patterns of Inheritance
Patterns of Inheritance

... We now know that these traits are the expression of dierent alleles of the gene encoding height. Mendel performed thousands of crosses in pea plants with diering traits for a variety of characteristics. And he repeatedly came up with the same resultsamong the traits he studied, one was always dom ...
Microbiology
Microbiology

... Cloning and sequencing of the eg/ and bgl genes. Clones harbouring the bglS and eglS genes were isolated from a genomic library of B. subtilis 168 cloned in phage A L47.1 (Putzer e t al., 1990). DNA from phage clones exhibited P-glucan hydrolysing activity was isolated, digested by Hind111 and subcl ...
The Mean Between Meme and Gene Comparison
The Mean Between Meme and Gene Comparison

... recognizes that the development of the gene and meme pool differ in the method and rate of mutation. Most genetic mutations occur during the process of reading and transposing DNA and sexual reproduction. Genes are generally quite stable, which is one of the key reasons for the successful formulati ...
Heredity
Heredity

... • Heterozygotes have one mutant allele and one normal allele but do not have disease ...
Biology 4154/5154
Biology 4154/5154

... a) How did the discovery that the same genes controlled development in flies, worms, and humans (and all other animals) shake up evolutionary thinking? This ran counter to the prevailing view of the modern evolutionary synthesis. It was thought that different animal groups had entirely different gen ...
Andreas Mock Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University
Andreas Mock Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University

... 1 Assembly and preprocessing of TCGA RNAseq data Melanoma RNAseq data for the CVE extension were downloaded as expression estimates per gene (RNAseq2 level 3 data) from the TCGA data portal. Please note that the TCGA Data portal is no longer operational and all TCGA data now resides at the Genomic D ...
Reciprocal Deletion and Duplication of 17p11.2-11.2
Reciprocal Deletion and Duplication of 17p11.2-11.2

... difficulty paying attention. However, patient 2 showed no definite behavioral problems. In spite of similarly sized gene dosage changes, patient 2 exhibited a milder phenotype.   Chromosome 17 has the second highest gene content among all chromosomes (7). It contains several dosage-sensitive genes s ...
S1 Appendix.
S1 Appendix.

... Extracting feature information from input files We extract the information of a given genomic feature from the full-genome sequence (.fa or equivalent) and annotation (.gff3 or equivalent) files. First, GRS extracts the name and length of each chromosome from the sequence file. It creates a list for ...
The Ingredients for a Postgenomic Synthesis of Nature and Nurture
The Ingredients for a Postgenomic Synthesis of Nature and Nurture

... extreme cases, is not sufficient to explain variation at the level of the phenotype. ... It is not the mere presence of a gene that is of functional importance, but rather its expression. […] The structure of the genome highlights the importance of geneenvironment interaction.” (Meaney, 2004: 5) Ge ...
Cancer Prone Disease Section Waardenburg syndrome (WS) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
Cancer Prone Disease Section Waardenburg syndrome (WS) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics

... melanin synthesis, such as tyrosine, TRP1, and TRP2. Further MITF is thought to be a master gene in ...
Non-coding RNAs are widely distributed in the 3 life domains
Non-coding RNAs are widely distributed in the 3 life domains

... RNOMICS ...
Genetics and Mendel
Genetics and Mendel

... Genetics and Mendel Genetics  • the study of heredity and variation  • heredity ­ the basic genetic blueprint of the parents is passed on      to their offspring.  • variation ­ the genetic difference between parents and offspring  Genes ­ distinct packets that pass on hereditary information from  g ...
Biology of Humans 2/e
Biology of Humans 2/e

... Gamete Formation  Law of segregation  During gamete formation, the two alleles for each gene separate as the homologous chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the cell during meiosis ...
Advancing Science with DNA Sequence Finding the genes in
Advancing Science with DNA Sequence Finding the genes in

... Advancing Science with DNA Sequence ...
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Genomic imprinting

Genomic imprinting is the epigenetic phenomenon by which certain genes are expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner. If the allele inherited from the father is imprinted, it is thereby silenced, and only the allele from the mother is expressed. If the allele from the mother is imprinted, then only the allele from the father is expressed. Forms of genomic imprinting have been demonstrated in fungi, plants and animals. Genomic imprinting is a fairly rare phenomenon in mammals; most genes are not imprinted.In insects, imprinting affects entire chromosomes. In some insects the entire paternal genome is silenced in male offspring, and thus is involved in sex determination. The imprinting produces effects similar to the mechanisms in other insects that eliminate paternally inherited chromosomes in male offspring, including arrhenotoky.Genomic imprinting is an inheritance process independent of the classical Mendelian inheritance. It is an epigenetic process that involves DNA methylation and histone methylation without altering the genetic sequence. These epigenetic marks are established (""imprinted"") in the germline (sperm or egg cells) of the parents and are maintained through mitotic cell divisions in the somatic cells of an organism.Appropriate imprinting of certain genes is important for normal development. Human diseases involving genomic imprinting include Angelman syndrome and Prader–Willi syndrome.
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