WSokolov-PROTVINO
... The data points plotted are described in Blain et al. (1999a) and Steidel et al. (1999). The thick and thin dashed curves describe models that represent the dust-corrected and non-dustcorrected histories derived from optical and near-IR observations, which are represented by data points. Where corre ...
... The data points plotted are described in Blain et al. (1999a) and Steidel et al. (1999). The thick and thin dashed curves describe models that represent the dust-corrected and non-dustcorrected histories derived from optical and near-IR observations, which are represented by data points. Where corre ...
Future Giant Telescopes: Evolution in Ground
... Ground: photon-starved spectroscopy, panoramic fields, upgradable technologies ...
... Ground: photon-starved spectroscopy, panoramic fields, upgradable technologies ...
Galaxies
... • We tend to give credit to Hubble for the first observation that the Universe is expanding. • However Hubble wasn’t the first to show the linear relationship between velocity and distance (the Hubble Law) and did not connect this to an expanding Universe • George Lemaitre did this in 1926 (using ...
... • We tend to give credit to Hubble for the first observation that the Universe is expanding. • However Hubble wasn’t the first to show the linear relationship between velocity and distance (the Hubble Law) and did not connect this to an expanding Universe • George Lemaitre did this in 1926 (using ...
The Universe
... Current cosmological models of the early Universe are based on the Big Bang theory. About 300,000 years after this event, atoms of hydrogen and helium began to form, in an event called recombination. Nearly all the hydrogen was neutral (non-ionized) and readily absorbed light, and no stars had y ...
... Current cosmological models of the early Universe are based on the Big Bang theory. About 300,000 years after this event, atoms of hydrogen and helium began to form, in an event called recombination. Nearly all the hydrogen was neutral (non-ionized) and readily absorbed light, and no stars had y ...
The Universe
... observed when a star in a distant galaxy was torn apart from the tidal forces of a black hole. The distribution of hot gas in galactic clusters can be mapped by X-rays. The existence of super-massive black holes at the cores of galaxies was confirmed through X-ray astronomy. ...
... observed when a star in a distant galaxy was torn apart from the tidal forces of a black hole. The distribution of hot gas in galactic clusters can be mapped by X-rays. The existence of super-massive black holes at the cores of galaxies was confirmed through X-ray astronomy. ...
THE RED-SEQUENCE LUMINOSITY FUNCTION IN GALAXY
... ‘‘bottom-up’’ sense, as galaxies and clusters are built from the merging of smaller units. Recently, there has been growing evidence that star formation has evolved in a ‘‘top-down’’ sense with more massive galaxies being most actively star forming in the past and the bulk of the star formation acti ...
... ‘‘bottom-up’’ sense, as galaxies and clusters are built from the merging of smaller units. Recently, there has been growing evidence that star formation has evolved in a ‘‘top-down’’ sense with more massive galaxies being most actively star forming in the past and the bulk of the star formation acti ...
Big Bang Balloon Lab
... 1. What do the dots represent? 2. How did the distance from the home dot (Milky Way) change each time you inflated the balloon? 3. Which galaxies appeared to move the greatest distance? Closer to home or farther away? 4. What was the variable in this experiment? What did you change? 5. The Doppler E ...
... 1. What do the dots represent? 2. How did the distance from the home dot (Milky Way) change each time you inflated the balloon? 3. Which galaxies appeared to move the greatest distance? Closer to home or farther away? 4. What was the variable in this experiment? What did you change? 5. The Doppler E ...
Multi-Object Spectroscopy: Science Applications
... 1. Assume average galaxy M/L is the same in clusters and in the field 2. Use the field sample from same survey to measure (M/L)crit = rcrit/j, where j is the luminosity density of the Universe 3. This calculation yields Wm~0.3; the most convincing evidence for low Wm at the time. ...
... 1. Assume average galaxy M/L is the same in clusters and in the field 2. Use the field sample from same survey to measure (M/L)crit = rcrit/j, where j is the luminosity density of the Universe 3. This calculation yields Wm~0.3; the most convincing evidence for low Wm at the time. ...
Possible structure in the GRB sky distribution at redshift two
... By studying the angular distribution of GRBs as a function of distance, one can determine sample homogeneity as well as isotropy. This sample of GRBs can be subdivided by redshift, resulting in distance groupings for which angular information can also be obtained. Although sample size 283 GRBs limit ...
... By studying the angular distribution of GRBs as a function of distance, one can determine sample homogeneity as well as isotropy. This sample of GRBs can be subdivided by redshift, resulting in distance groupings for which angular information can also be obtained. Although sample size 283 GRBs limit ...
A105 Stars and Galaxies
... massive object (such as a massive galaxy or cluster of galaxies) between the source object and the observer • Gravitational lensing is predicted by Einstein's theory of general relativity (Einstein 1936) ...
... massive object (such as a massive galaxy or cluster of galaxies) between the source object and the observer • Gravitational lensing is predicted by Einstein's theory of general relativity (Einstein 1936) ...
Galaxy evolution - Pontifical Academy of Sciences
... Transformations in morphology, and not just in stellar content, can be observed and interpreted through computer simulations. Two processes rule galaxy evolution, the hierarchical clustering process and the secular evolution. Hierarchical clustering is a violent and rapid mechanism that dominated th ...
... Transformations in morphology, and not just in stellar content, can be observed and interpreted through computer simulations. Two processes rule galaxy evolution, the hierarchical clustering process and the secular evolution. Hierarchical clustering is a violent and rapid mechanism that dominated th ...
Sunday, March 24, 2013
... work is referenced by virtually every crank claim (often in way contradictory to what the crank claim is trying to support!), I thought maybe it was time I finally read this book. I had read a number of Arp's papers over the years and been repeatedly frustrated by the number of questions left unansw ...
... work is referenced by virtually every crank claim (often in way contradictory to what the crank claim is trying to support!), I thought maybe it was time I finally read this book. I had read a number of Arp's papers over the years and been repeatedly frustrated by the number of questions left unansw ...
Evolutionary paths among different red galaxy types at 0.3< z< 1.5
... According to the MK -z distribution of the red galaxies sample, the faintest absolute magnitude for which the catalogue is complete in luminosity up to z ∼ 1.5 corresponds to MK,lim ∼ −24 mag. According to the redshift evolution of the mass-to-light relation (assuming a Salpeter IMF) derived by Arno ...
... According to the MK -z distribution of the red galaxies sample, the faintest absolute magnitude for which the catalogue is complete in luminosity up to z ∼ 1.5 corresponds to MK,lim ∼ −24 mag. According to the redshift evolution of the mass-to-light relation (assuming a Salpeter IMF) derived by Arno ...
Lyman Alpha Forest
... 1). It is the only direct observational evidence we have of the existence and properties of the general INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM, and, as we have reason to believe, of most of the baryonic matter contents of the universe. On its way to us the light of a bright, distant QSO passes through intervening int ...
... 1). It is the only direct observational evidence we have of the existence and properties of the general INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM, and, as we have reason to believe, of most of the baryonic matter contents of the universe. On its way to us the light of a bright, distant QSO passes through intervening int ...
implication on the mass and
... Evolution of the comoving IR energy density up to z=1 (green-filled region) and the respective contributions from low luminosity galaxies (i.e., LIR<1011Lsun, blue-filled area), ``infrared luminous'' sources (i.e., LIR>1011Lsun, orange-filled region) and ULIRGs (i.e., LIR>1012Lsun, red-filled region ...
... Evolution of the comoving IR energy density up to z=1 (green-filled region) and the respective contributions from low luminosity galaxies (i.e., LIR<1011Lsun, blue-filled area), ``infrared luminous'' sources (i.e., LIR>1011Lsun, orange-filled region) and ULIRGs (i.e., LIR>1012Lsun, red-filled region ...
Wide-field surveys and astronomical discovery space
... the backbone of astronomy, and the main engine of discovery, as we have mapped the sky at every possible wavelength. Surveys are an efficient use of resources. They are important as a fundamental resource; to map intrinsically large structures; to gain the necessary statistics to address some proble ...
... the backbone of astronomy, and the main engine of discovery, as we have mapped the sky at every possible wavelength. Surveys are an efficient use of resources. They are important as a fundamental resource; to map intrinsically large structures; to gain the necessary statistics to address some proble ...
Redshift
In physics, redshift happens when light or other electromagnetic radiation from an object is increased in wavelength, or shifted to the red end of the spectrum. In general, whether or not the radiation is within the visible spectrum, ""redder"" means an increase in wavelength – equivalent to a lower frequency and a lower photon energy, in accordance with, respectively, the wave and quantum theories of light.Some redshifts are an example of the Doppler effect, familiar in the change of apparent pitches of sirens and frequency of the sound waves emitted by speeding vehicles. A redshift occurs whenever a light source moves away from an observer. Another kind of redshift is cosmological redshift, which is due to the expansion of the universe, and sufficiently distant light sources (generally more than a few million light years away) show redshift corresponding to the rate of increase in their distance from Earth. Finally, gravitational redshift is a relativistic effect observed in electromagnetic radiation moving out of gravitational fields. Conversely, a decrease in wavelength is called blueshift and is generally seen when a light-emitting object moves toward an observer or when electromagnetic radiation moves into a gravitational field. However, redshift is a more common term and sometimes blueshift is referred to as negative redshift.Knowledge of redshifts and blueshifts has been applied to develop several terrestrial technologies such as Doppler radar and radar guns. Redshifts are also seen in the spectroscopic observations of astronomical objects. Its value is represented by the letter z.A special relativistic redshift formula (and its classical approximation) can be used to calculate the redshift of a nearby object when spacetime is flat. However, in many contexts, such as black holes and Big Bang cosmology, redshifts must be calculated using general relativity. Special relativistic, gravitational, and cosmological redshifts can be understood under the umbrella of frame transformation laws. There exist other physical processes that can lead to a shift in the frequency of electromagnetic radiation, including scattering and optical effects; however, the resulting changes are distinguishable from true redshift and are not generally referred to as such (see section on physical optics and radiative transfer).