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A multi-century ice-core perspective on 20th
... for the longer cores. The annual Z score is the standardized deviation from its respective mean (annual Z score ¼ (annual value – record mean)/record standard deviation). The annual Z scores are shown (Fig. 1) as unweighted 10 year (decadal) averages plotted at the midpoint of the decade. The goal h ...
... for the longer cores. The annual Z score is the standardized deviation from its respective mean (annual Z score ¼ (annual value – record mean)/record standard deviation). The annual Z scores are shown (Fig. 1) as unweighted 10 year (decadal) averages plotted at the midpoint of the decade. The goal h ...
A multi-century ice-core perspective on 20th
... for the longer cores. The annual Z score is the standardized deviation from its respective mean (annual Z score ¼ (annual value – record mean)/record standard deviation). The annual Z scores are shown (Fig. 1) as unweighted 10 year (decadal) averages plotted at the midpoint of the decade. The goal h ...
... for the longer cores. The annual Z score is the standardized deviation from its respective mean (annual Z score ¼ (annual value – record mean)/record standard deviation). The annual Z scores are shown (Fig. 1) as unweighted 10 year (decadal) averages plotted at the midpoint of the decade. The goal h ...
Science Article PDF - Geological Society of America
... events seen in the Greenland ice-core record. On the basis of the alternation between sections with and without annual laminations, Behl and Kennett (1996) established this correspondence. The laminated sections represent times when the pore waters in the sediment were anaerobic, preventing burrowin ...
... events seen in the Greenland ice-core record. On the basis of the alternation between sections with and without annual laminations, Behl and Kennett (1996) established this correspondence. The laminated sections represent times when the pore waters in the sediment were anaerobic, preventing burrowin ...
Earth`s Climate System
... Weather represents the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place. Characterizing weather requires that we measure conditions such as temperature, precipitation, air pressure, wind speed and direction, humidity. In contrast, climate is the average weather conditions for a site measured over a ...
... Weather represents the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place. Characterizing weather requires that we measure conditions such as temperature, precipitation, air pressure, wind speed and direction, humidity. In contrast, climate is the average weather conditions for a site measured over a ...
WORLD CLIMATE AND CLIMATE CHANGE
... reversal of wind in this region. Poleward summer temperatures are lower and winter temperatures are extremely low with many locations experiencing below freezing point temperatures for up to seven months in a year. Precipitation occurs in summer. The annual precipitation is low from 12-15 cm. ...
... reversal of wind in this region. Poleward summer temperatures are lower and winter temperatures are extremely low with many locations experiencing below freezing point temperatures for up to seven months in a year. Precipitation occurs in summer. The annual precipitation is low from 12-15 cm. ...
Global Temperature in 2016
... Framework Convention 5 and Paris Agreement 6 define goals relative to “preindustrial”, but do not define that period. Although human-caused increases of greenhouse gases (GHGs) by 1880-1920 were already sufficient to cause a small warming, 7 1880-1920 was also marked by above-average volcanic aeroso ...
... Framework Convention 5 and Paris Agreement 6 define goals relative to “preindustrial”, but do not define that period. Although human-caused increases of greenhouse gases (GHGs) by 1880-1920 were already sufficient to cause a small warming, 7 1880-1920 was also marked by above-average volcanic aeroso ...
Climate Variability and Urbanization in Athens
... both stations though again the slope is steeper for the case of ALI. The differences between the trend slopes of the maximum and minimum time series after 1960s for NOA and the corresponding ones for ALI should be attributed to urbanization effect on NOA time series. The effect being small in the 19 ...
... both stations though again the slope is steeper for the case of ALI. The differences between the trend slopes of the maximum and minimum time series after 1960s for NOA and the corresponding ones for ALI should be attributed to urbanization effect on NOA time series. The effect being small in the 19 ...
Anthropogenic contributions to Australia`s record summer
... [Power et al., 1999], with El Niño conditions generally associated with warmer than average Australian summer temperatures (Figure 3a). As such, we also consider the extreme 2012–2013 conditions in relation to this large-scale mode of variability. The 2013 summer occurred following 2 years of except ...
... [Power et al., 1999], with El Niño conditions generally associated with warmer than average Australian summer temperatures (Figure 3a). As such, we also consider the extreme 2012–2013 conditions in relation to this large-scale mode of variability. The 2013 summer occurred following 2 years of except ...
Comparison of glacierinferred temperatures with observations and
... models, including their atmospheric resolution and original references are included in Table 1, together with the threeletter acronyms that we use for each model. While a larger number of models were available, we selected these nine based on the number of available ensemble members, the length of t ...
... models, including their atmospheric resolution and original references are included in Table 1, together with the threeletter acronyms that we use for each model. While a larger number of models were available, we selected these nine based on the number of available ensemble members, the length of t ...
REDUCED RISK OF NORTH AMERICAN COLD EXTREMES DUE
... Contrary to recent claims, North American cold extremes are expected to become less frequent as a result of continuing Arctic sea ice loss. ...
... Contrary to recent claims, North American cold extremes are expected to become less frequent as a result of continuing Arctic sea ice loss. ...
Full text (pdf format) - Boreal Environment Research
... Obviously, as a direct response to the rise in ...
... Obviously, as a direct response to the rise in ...
Observed climate variability and change
... the influence of human activities. Finally, there is emerging evidence for significant, rapid (time-scales of several decades or more), regional temperature changes during the last 10 000 years, well before the period for which anthropogenic influences could have been important (Fig. 2.24 of Chapter ...
... the influence of human activities. Finally, there is emerging evidence for significant, rapid (time-scales of several decades or more), regional temperature changes during the last 10 000 years, well before the period for which anthropogenic influences could have been important (Fig. 2.24 of Chapter ...
on global warming and the role of fossil fuels
... it presents that “The global average surface temperature has increased over the 20th century by about 0.6°C”. This statement is true as far as it goes, but ignores the significance of the intermediate trend down from 1940 to 1975, and the post-1998 evidence of flattening. 3. Temperature and Carbon U ...
... it presents that “The global average surface temperature has increased over the 20th century by about 0.6°C”. This statement is true as far as it goes, but ignores the significance of the intermediate trend down from 1940 to 1975, and the post-1998 evidence of flattening. 3. Temperature and Carbon U ...
- Wiley Online Library
... association between them. This statistic was also calculated between the winter temperature and CDE. [17] For the entire area, the oases, and the mountains, we calculated change rates for the annual and seasonal average temperatures during 1960–2010. [18] We also calculated the importance of the tem ...
... association between them. This statistic was also calculated between the winter temperature and CDE. [17] For the entire area, the oases, and the mountains, we calculated change rates for the annual and seasonal average temperatures during 1960–2010. [18] We also calculated the importance of the tem ...
Cold surge activity over the Gulf of Mexico in a warmer climate
... interannual variability (Vazquez, 1999). Even more, the interannual variations in the number of cold surges may result in changes in winter precipitation in southern Mexico of 10–15%, between dry and wet winters, as during El Niño and La Niña years. Since winter precipitation over the southern Gulf ...
... interannual variability (Vazquez, 1999). Even more, the interannual variations in the number of cold surges may result in changes in winter precipitation in southern Mexico of 10–15%, between dry and wet winters, as during El Niño and La Niña years. Since winter precipitation over the southern Gulf ...
Tree-hugging koalas demonstrate a novel thermoregulatory
... their own metabolism [1]. Low water availability or high humidity can further compound this problem by constraining the use of evaporative cooling, which is the primary method of heat loss in many endothermic species [2,3]. Behavioural thermoregulation—selecting microclimates or adopting postures or ...
... their own metabolism [1]. Low water availability or high humidity can further compound this problem by constraining the use of evaporative cooling, which is the primary method of heat loss in many endothermic species [2,3]. Behavioural thermoregulation—selecting microclimates or adopting postures or ...
Temperature change and its effects on the Great Lakes climate
... On the other hand, this part of the country depends upon it. Parts of Michigan and New York have hundreds of winter time ski resorts and the Upper Peninsula draws strong snowmobiling tourism. These are areas that many years receive more than 100 inches of snow a year and they have built there lives ...
... On the other hand, this part of the country depends upon it. Parts of Michigan and New York have hundreds of winter time ski resorts and the Upper Peninsula draws strong snowmobiling tourism. These are areas that many years receive more than 100 inches of snow a year and they have built there lives ...
A Global Warming: Correcting the Data Surface temperatures are rising, but probably
... the “Historical Climate Network” (hcn) to gather temperature data that would be free of bias. Prior to the hcn, the (lower-48) U.S. average temperature was computed by averaging the temperature readings from 344 multi-county aggregates, known as “climatological divisions” (cds). There are currently ...
... the “Historical Climate Network” (hcn) to gather temperature data that would be free of bias. Prior to the hcn, the (lower-48) U.S. average temperature was computed by averaging the temperature readings from 344 multi-county aggregates, known as “climatological divisions” (cds). There are currently ...
48. Global Warming and Climate Change
... Administration (Tinker, 1999), shows how dramatic this effect is in the lower 48 states. The largest warming in the last three decades occurs in winter (January through March), when severity and presence of the cold high-pressure systems that form in northwestern North America largely determine the ...
... Administration (Tinker, 1999), shows how dramatic this effect is in the lower 48 states. The largest warming in the last three decades occurs in winter (January through March), when severity and presence of the cold high-pressure systems that form in northwestern North America largely determine the ...
Temperature (Word) - Narragansett Bay Estuary Program
... Temperature is an easily measured parameter that strongly influences public health and environmental conditions on global and local scales, making it an important indicator. Many organizations routinely monitor air and water temperatures in Narragansett Bay and its watershed, such as the National Oc ...
... Temperature is an easily measured parameter that strongly influences public health and environmental conditions on global and local scales, making it an important indicator. Many organizations routinely monitor air and water temperatures in Narragansett Bay and its watershed, such as the National Oc ...
CV - Karen McKinnon
... McKinnon, K.A., A. Poppick, E. Dunn Sigouin, and C. Deser. An ‘Observational Large Ensemble’ to compare observed and modeled temperature trend uncertainty due to internal variability. Under review in Journal of Climate. Deser, C., I. Simpson, K.A. McKinnon, and A. Phillips. The Northern Hemisphere e ...
... McKinnon, K.A., A. Poppick, E. Dunn Sigouin, and C. Deser. An ‘Observational Large Ensemble’ to compare observed and modeled temperature trend uncertainty due to internal variability. Under review in Journal of Climate. Deser, C., I. Simpson, K.A. McKinnon, and A. Phillips. The Northern Hemisphere e ...
Coproduction of Indigenous and Scientific Knowledge as a
... The Evenk community-based observatory is situated in one of the largest nomadic areas of Russia that covers over 7 000 km2. Here some 15 000 reindeer are distributed amongst 250 reindeer units with small herds of 40-100 animals. Hunting provides an additional source of subsistence. The Evenk have be ...
... The Evenk community-based observatory is situated in one of the largest nomadic areas of Russia that covers over 7 000 km2. Here some 15 000 reindeer are distributed amongst 250 reindeer units with small herds of 40-100 animals. Hunting provides an additional source of subsistence. The Evenk have be ...
When can we expect extremely high surface temperatures?
... error in the Essence results is much lower than the model error. Figure 1 also shows that future temperature extremes are governed by the same processes as today’s extremes. If new processes were to come in, they would lead to a second population within the PDF of extremes. This would show up as dev ...
... error in the Essence results is much lower than the model error. Figure 1 also shows that future temperature extremes are governed by the same processes as today’s extremes. If new processes were to come in, they would lead to a second population within the PDF of extremes. This would show up as dev ...
Early 2014 North American cold wave
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/GOES-13_2_Jan_2014_1745z_satellite.png?width=300)
The 2014 North American cold wave was an extreme weather event extending from January to April 2014, and was also part of an unusually cold winter affecting parts of Canada and the Eastern United States. The event occurred in early 2014 and was caused by a southward shift of the North Polar Vortex. Record low temperatures also extended well into March.On January 2, an Arctic cold front initially associated with a nor'easter tracked across Canada and the United States, resulting in heavy snowfall. Temperatures fell to unprecedented levels, and low temperature records were broken across the United States. Business, school, and road closures were common, as well as mass flight cancellations. Altogether, more than 200 million people were affected, in an area ranging from the Rocky Mountains to the Atlantic Ocean and extending south to include roughly 187 million residents of the Continental United States.