Cryptic impacts of temperature variability on amphibian immune
... buffered saline (PBS). An isolated colony of each bacterium was obtained by streaking onto a 5% blood agar plate (Fisher Scientific) and used to inoculate 10 ml of tryptic soy broth. The broth was incubated for 24 h at 30°C to yield a working stock solution. Bacterial concentration of each stock sol ...
... buffered saline (PBS). An isolated colony of each bacterium was obtained by streaking onto a 5% blood agar plate (Fisher Scientific) and used to inoculate 10 ml of tryptic soy broth. The broth was incubated for 24 h at 30°C to yield a working stock solution. Bacterial concentration of each stock sol ...
Climate and Vegetation Phenology
... For about half of each year, most of Yellowstone National Park is covered by snow. In an average year, the snowpack begins to accumulate in October through most of the central region at elevations from 2,000 to 2,300 meters (Newman and Watson 2009). Heavy snowfalls typically occur between December a ...
... For about half of each year, most of Yellowstone National Park is covered by snow. In an average year, the snowpack begins to accumulate in October through most of the central region at elevations from 2,000 to 2,300 meters (Newman and Watson 2009). Heavy snowfalls typically occur between December a ...
Temporal trends and variability of daily maximum and
... were analyzed for temporal trends and spatial variation patterns during the period 1961–2003. Statistically significant warming trends were identified in various measures of the temperature regime, such as temperatures of extreme events and diurnal temperature range. The warming trends in winter nig ...
... were analyzed for temporal trends and spatial variation patterns during the period 1961–2003. Statistically significant warming trends were identified in various measures of the temperature regime, such as temperatures of extreme events and diurnal temperature range. The warming trends in winter nig ...
The influence of weather conditions on the activity of high
... The data for this study was collected as part of the Zackenberg Basic monitoring programme. The sampling was carried out at Zackenberg, North-east Greenland (74°28'N; 20°34'W) which is in the high-arctic climatic zone. The mean summer (June through August) temperature during the years 1996–2005 was ...
... The data for this study was collected as part of the Zackenberg Basic monitoring programme. The sampling was carried out at Zackenberg, North-east Greenland (74°28'N; 20°34'W) which is in the high-arctic climatic zone. The mean summer (June through August) temperature during the years 1996–2005 was ...
Increase of extreme events in a warming world
... Recently, record statistics of time series with a linear trend have been applied to observed daily temperature maxima (12, 13). For a single weather station (Philadelphia), Redner and Peterson (12) conclude that the current warming rate is insufficient to measurably influence the frequency of daily ...
... Recently, record statistics of time series with a linear trend have been applied to observed daily temperature maxima (12, 13). For a single weather station (Philadelphia), Redner and Peterson (12) conclude that the current warming rate is insufficient to measurably influence the frequency of daily ...
alpine tundra - University of Colorado Boulder
... the PRISM temperature data to evaluate maximum and minimum temperature trends with elevation in the West; a comparison of means and trends in the PRISM data set with other data sets is given in the auxiliary material.1 Here we report on changes in one particular phenotype—the alpine tundra, which is ...
... the PRISM temperature data to evaluate maximum and minimum temperature trends with elevation in the West; a comparison of means and trends in the PRISM data set with other data sets is given in the auxiliary material.1 Here we report on changes in one particular phenotype—the alpine tundra, which is ...
Part I - Icecap
... and built taking climate change into account. • Long term planning will have to continually incorporate the latest information, as climate will be ever changing, requiring adaptation strategies to constantly evolve. This statement is inexplicable for two reasons. First, you are using the warming fro ...
... and built taking climate change into account. • Long term planning will have to continually incorporate the latest information, as climate will be ever changing, requiring adaptation strategies to constantly evolve. This statement is inexplicable for two reasons. First, you are using the warming fro ...
1 - QUBES Hub
... Change and Phenology Research Project” Discussion Forum. There are also additional links with resources and information on the Content page if you need more information or help with the data manipulations in Excel. The first thing you must do is introduce yourself to your group members, and state yo ...
... Change and Phenology Research Project” Discussion Forum. There are also additional links with resources and information on the Content page if you need more information or help with the data manipulations in Excel. The first thing you must do is introduce yourself to your group members, and state yo ...
arctic experience: middle years program
... Gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide which occur in our atmosphere and create the greenhouse effect which is essential for life on our planet. The greenhouse effect traps the heat from the sun close to the Earth’s surface, increasing global temperatures to a livable level. Withou ...
... Gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide which occur in our atmosphere and create the greenhouse effect which is essential for life on our planet. The greenhouse effect traps the heat from the sun close to the Earth’s surface, increasing global temperatures to a livable level. Withou ...
Role of winter temperature and climate change on the survival and
... resulted in tree death. In contrast, many hemlocks in Massachusetts have harbored infestations for 10 years or more without dying, and these infestations are not widespread. For example, HWA was first documented in Amherst, MA in 1995, yet as of 2006 the vast majority of hemlock trees in this town a ...
... resulted in tree death. In contrast, many hemlocks in Massachusetts have harbored infestations for 10 years or more without dying, and these infestations are not widespread. For example, HWA was first documented in Amherst, MA in 1995, yet as of 2006 the vast majority of hemlock trees in this town a ...
Pronounced subsurface cooling of North Atlantic waters off
... for the last 50 kyr obtained from the tropical Northeast (NE) Atlantic (core GeoB7926-2, 201130 N, 181270 W, 2500 m water depth) show that distinctive DO-type subsurface (i.e. below the mixed layer: 4 20 m water depth) temperature oscillations occurred with amplitudes of up to 8 1C in the tropical N ...
... for the last 50 kyr obtained from the tropical Northeast (NE) Atlantic (core GeoB7926-2, 201130 N, 181270 W, 2500 m water depth) show that distinctive DO-type subsurface (i.e. below the mixed layer: 4 20 m water depth) temperature oscillations occurred with amplitudes of up to 8 1C in the tropical N ...
Global surface temperatures over the past two millennia
... hemispheres, based on the available regional temperature records (8 for the NH, 5 for the SH). Each regional temperature record was standardized by removal of the long-term mean and division by the standard deviation after decadal smoothing (lowpass filtering at f = 0.1 cycle/year). The latter step ...
... hemispheres, based on the available regional temperature records (8 for the NH, 5 for the SH). Each regional temperature record was standardized by removal of the long-term mean and division by the standard deviation after decadal smoothing (lowpass filtering at f = 0.1 cycle/year). The latter step ...
Natural and forced air temperature variability in the Labrador region
... indices demonstrating strong statistical relations with LATs (p value <0.05) were considered for inclusion in the ensemble of multiple regression models. The models were selected based on the Akaike information criterion (AIC), adjusted R2, degrees of collinearity (variance inflation factor, see Dor ...
... indices demonstrating strong statistical relations with LATs (p value <0.05) were considered for inclusion in the ensemble of multiple regression models. The models were selected based on the Akaike information criterion (AIC), adjusted R2, degrees of collinearity (variance inflation factor, see Dor ...
Annex N Sunflowers and Climate Change
... sources of these gases and aerosols are burning of fossil fuels for energy supply, transport and industry, with an increasing amount coming from residential and commercial, forestry and agriculture. Central England temperatures have seen a 1ºC rise during the twentieth century, whilst the occurrence ...
... sources of these gases and aerosols are burning of fossil fuels for energy supply, transport and industry, with an increasing amount coming from residential and commercial, forestry and agriculture. Central England temperatures have seen a 1ºC rise during the twentieth century, whilst the occurrence ...
Slowdown of the thermohaline circulation causes enhanced
... water equivalent of snow cover. In contrast, CTRL shows more than 10 snow days in Britain only at higher altitudes toward the north. In continental Europe, the 10-snow day line moves from its current position through the middle of Germany, by 300 to 500 km to the west. The change in snow cover leads ...
... water equivalent of snow cover. In contrast, CTRL shows more than 10 snow days in Britain only at higher altitudes toward the north. In continental Europe, the 10-snow day line moves from its current position through the middle of Germany, by 300 to 500 km to the west. The change in snow cover leads ...
Rising Temperatures and Rising Seas
... prospect that the world of wildlife that we now know—and many of the places we have invested decades of work in conserving as refuges and habitats for wildlife—will cease to exist as we know them, unless we change this forecast.”15 The Crop Yield Effect Agriculture as it exists today has been shaped ...
... prospect that the world of wildlife that we now know—and many of the places we have invested decades of work in conserving as refuges and habitats for wildlife—will cease to exist as we know them, unless we change this forecast.”15 The Crop Yield Effect Agriculture as it exists today has been shaped ...
Arctic and Alpine Permafrost - Atmospheric Sciences at UNBC
... • Some might look on the transition to a warmer Arctic with happy anticipation; in the long term, it would undoubtedly result in greatly reduced costs of living and operating there. • New resources could become available, and mining and agriculture, for example, might expand; however the terrestria ...
... • Some might look on the transition to a warmer Arctic with happy anticipation; in the long term, it would undoubtedly result in greatly reduced costs of living and operating there. • New resources could become available, and mining and agriculture, for example, might expand; however the terrestria ...
Extreme event: Heat waves and hot days
... Australia has always been a land of extremes. However, the basic features of the climate system have now shifted, changing the conditions for all weather. We live in a hotter climate than 50 years ago, and this extra energy in the system is influencing many types of extreme weather events. All infor ...
... Australia has always been a land of extremes. However, the basic features of the climate system have now shifted, changing the conditions for all weather. We live in a hotter climate than 50 years ago, and this extra energy in the system is influencing many types of extreme weather events. All infor ...
44. Global Warming Congress should
... human emission—sulfate aerosol (the main precursor of acid rain)—is responsible for the lack of warming. Sulfates form a finely divided white haze that reflects away solar radiation (thereby mitigating warming), and they also brighten existing clouds, reflecting away even more of the sun’s rays. Sul ...
... human emission—sulfate aerosol (the main precursor of acid rain)—is responsible for the lack of warming. Sulfates form a finely divided white haze that reflects away solar radiation (thereby mitigating warming), and they also brighten existing clouds, reflecting away even more of the sun’s rays. Sul ...
Changes in climate and changing climate regions in Slovakia
... at the meteorological station at Hurbanovo in later studies by Melo et al. (2007a) and Pecho et al. (2008). The average annual air temperature in Hurbanovo increased about 1.4 °C in the period 1871–2006 (Melo et al., 2007b). This change resulted in the first occurrence of a very dry climate region ...
... at the meteorological station at Hurbanovo in later studies by Melo et al. (2007a) and Pecho et al. (2008). The average annual air temperature in Hurbanovo increased about 1.4 °C in the period 1871–2006 (Melo et al., 2007b). This change resulted in the first occurrence of a very dry climate region ...
off the charts: 2013 was australia`s hottest year
... and November experienced its second highest average SST on record. For the year through to November (December SST data are not yet available), 2013 is on track to be the third highest for SSTs since 1910, about 0.51°C above the longterm average. Over the past century, SSTs for the seas surrounding A ...
... and November experienced its second highest average SST on record. For the year through to November (December SST data are not yet available), 2013 is on track to be the third highest for SSTs since 1910, about 0.51°C above the longterm average. Over the past century, SSTs for the seas surrounding A ...
Environmental problems caused by anthropogenic changes
... inhabited territory. But there are emergency situations, when the natural phenomena cause negative impact on population activity and human health. Such phenomena are called natural calamities. The researches showed that, owing to the anthropogenic climate change, recurrence of such phenomena increas ...
... inhabited territory. But there are emergency situations, when the natural phenomena cause negative impact on population activity and human health. Such phenomena are called natural calamities. The researches showed that, owing to the anthropogenic climate change, recurrence of such phenomena increas ...
Written Testimony - The National Academies of Sciences
... The basic conclusion of the 1999 paper by Dr. Mann and his colleagues was that the late 20th century warmth in the Northern Hemisphere was unprecedented during at least the last 1,000 years. This conclusion has subsequently been supported by an array of evidence that includes both additional large- ...
... The basic conclusion of the 1999 paper by Dr. Mann and his colleagues was that the late 20th century warmth in the Northern Hemisphere was unprecedented during at least the last 1,000 years. This conclusion has subsequently been supported by an array of evidence that includes both additional large- ...
An Enduring Conundrum for Wise Policy Advice
... Page 2 of 7 each of these diagrams there are many more that make the same story with complementary detail, or with data from other parts of the world. This section is devoted to explaining the origin and content of each ...
... Page 2 of 7 each of these diagrams there are many more that make the same story with complementary detail, or with data from other parts of the world. This section is devoted to explaining the origin and content of each ...
NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE Increasing Great Lake–Effect
... also noted increases in lake-effect snowfall. Norton and Bolsenga (1993) suggested that colder air masses flowing across the lakes were responsible for the increased snowfall. A more recent study by Leathers and Ellis (1996) examined snowfall increases in the lee of Lake Erie and Lake Ontario using ...
... also noted increases in lake-effect snowfall. Norton and Bolsenga (1993) suggested that colder air masses flowing across the lakes were responsible for the increased snowfall. A more recent study by Leathers and Ellis (1996) examined snowfall increases in the lee of Lake Erie and Lake Ontario using ...
Early 2014 North American cold wave
The 2014 North American cold wave was an extreme weather event extending from January to April 2014, and was also part of an unusually cold winter affecting parts of Canada and the Eastern United States. The event occurred in early 2014 and was caused by a southward shift of the North Polar Vortex. Record low temperatures also extended well into March.On January 2, an Arctic cold front initially associated with a nor'easter tracked across Canada and the United States, resulting in heavy snowfall. Temperatures fell to unprecedented levels, and low temperature records were broken across the United States. Business, school, and road closures were common, as well as mass flight cancellations. Altogether, more than 200 million people were affected, in an area ranging from the Rocky Mountains to the Atlantic Ocean and extending south to include roughly 187 million residents of the Continental United States.