Review Copy
... defined as the value of the outdoor air temperature (for a specified internal temperature) at which the total heat loss is equal to the internal and solar heat gains. The calculation of cooling energy consumption based on degree-days is subject to greater uncertainty than for heating. If building pr ...
... defined as the value of the outdoor air temperature (for a specified internal temperature) at which the total heat loss is equal to the internal and solar heat gains. The calculation of cooling energy consumption based on degree-days is subject to greater uncertainty than for heating. If building pr ...
Complementary explanation of temperature response in the lower
... anticipate seeing the greatest effects of the PBL-response, are also the regions that have the greatest inter-model spread in SAT trends and variability (figure 4). However, because they represent a relatively small fraction of the surface, this poor fit may not significantly affect the simulated gl ...
... anticipate seeing the greatest effects of the PBL-response, are also the regions that have the greatest inter-model spread in SAT trends and variability (figure 4). However, because they represent a relatively small fraction of the surface, this poor fit may not significantly affect the simulated gl ...
ESTIMATION OF THE URBAN HEAT ISLAND IN LOCAL CLIMATE
... between London’s temperatures and the surrounding countryside were noted (Howard, 1818; Streuther, 2002). Haward analyzed many of the temporal characteristics of the urban which effect on air temperature observed by him. Although Harward never took simultaneous measurements at different sites in Lon ...
... between London’s temperatures and the surrounding countryside were noted (Howard, 1818; Streuther, 2002). Haward analyzed many of the temporal characteristics of the urban which effect on air temperature observed by him. Although Harward never took simultaneous measurements at different sites in Lon ...
Temperature-induced mismatches between
... mismatches may reduce ingestion efficiency, defined as the amount of carbon assimilated per unit of carbon respired (Vassuer and McCann 2005). Reduced ingestion efficiencies may decrease individual fitness, as there is less energy available for growth and reproduction after basic cell maintenance costs ...
... mismatches may reduce ingestion efficiency, defined as the amount of carbon assimilated per unit of carbon respired (Vassuer and McCann 2005). Reduced ingestion efficiencies may decrease individual fitness, as there is less energy available for growth and reproduction after basic cell maintenance costs ...
Variability and Trends of Air Temperature and Pressure in the
... Center (DAAC) at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), the University of Colorado, the Meteorological Service of Canada, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Institute for Space Studies provided monthly air temperatures for Europe, Greenland, the Canadian Nor ...
... Center (DAAC) at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), the University of Colorado, the Meteorological Service of Canada, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Institute for Space Studies provided monthly air temperatures for Europe, Greenland, the Canadian Nor ...
Elevation-dependent warming in mountain regions of the world
... More detail concerning individual studies (including metadata) is given in the Supplementary Information. Here we summarize the literature as a whole. A majority of studies suggest that warming is more rapid at higher elevations but there are a number of studies that show either no relationship or a ...
... More detail concerning individual studies (including metadata) is given in the Supplementary Information. Here we summarize the literature as a whole. A majority of studies suggest that warming is more rapid at higher elevations but there are a number of studies that show either no relationship or a ...
Change in the Arctic influence on Bering Sea climate during the
... warm anomalies. The warm anomalies at Barrow last longer than at the other two stations, and are stronger since the late 1990s (Figure 2(a)); Nome and St. Paul returned to more neutral levels after the early 1990s (Figure 2(b) and (c)). From the late 1920s to the early 1940s, a decade of warm anomal ...
... warm anomalies. The warm anomalies at Barrow last longer than at the other two stations, and are stronger since the late 1990s (Figure 2(a)); Nome and St. Paul returned to more neutral levels after the early 1990s (Figure 2(b) and (c)). From the late 1920s to the early 1940s, a decade of warm anomal ...
1 - QUBES hub
... i. Regional Long-term Temperature Trends The data for these exercises are provided for you by your lab instructor. You will work in pairs to analyze the data. An important component of climate change studies is the analysis of temperature change over long timescales in the region of interest. For ou ...
... i. Regional Long-term Temperature Trends The data for these exercises are provided for you by your lab instructor. You will work in pairs to analyze the data. An important component of climate change studies is the analysis of temperature change over long timescales in the region of interest. For ou ...
Relation, response and change of near
... 11th International Conference on Urban Drainage, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, 2008 b) Trend of change in distribution of minimum monthly temperature: Increasing trend of minimum monthly over land near – surface air temperature exhibited throughout the country as shown in Figure 3. Mapping trend statist ...
... 11th International Conference on Urban Drainage, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, 2008 b) Trend of change in distribution of minimum monthly temperature: Increasing trend of minimum monthly over land near – surface air temperature exhibited throughout the country as shown in Figure 3. Mapping trend statist ...
Assimilating urban heat island effects into climate projections
... Nevada and delivered via the Truckee River (Fig. 1bec). The impacts of temperature changes on summer water demand for Reno can be illustrated using the Hamon equation for potential evapotranspiration (Allen et al., 1998) that has been calibrated for climate change studies in the western Great Basin ...
... Nevada and delivered via the Truckee River (Fig. 1bec). The impacts of temperature changes on summer water demand for Reno can be illustrated using the Hamon equation for potential evapotranspiration (Allen et al., 1998) that has been calibrated for climate change studies in the western Great Basin ...
Impacts of future climate change on soil frost in the midwestern
... annual air temperatures, reducing days with below freezing air temperature by up to two weeks, and shortening the duration of winters in the Great Lakes region since the early 1900s [Kling et al., 2003]. In the Missouri River basin, where snow plays a dominant role in hydrology, increased air temper ...
... annual air temperatures, reducing days with below freezing air temperature by up to two weeks, and shortening the duration of winters in the Great Lakes region since the early 1900s [Kling et al., 2003]. In the Missouri River basin, where snow plays a dominant role in hydrology, increased air temper ...
Polar Bear Propaganda - Frontier Centre For Public Policy
... story in context. It’s also a blueprint for all other global warming and climate change speculations. Environmentalism was a necessary new paradigm when it first appeared. Unfortunately, a few used the idea to achieve a political agenda embodied in this comment from the Club of Rome, a global think ...
... story in context. It’s also a blueprint for all other global warming and climate change speculations. Environmentalism was a necessary new paradigm when it first appeared. Unfortunately, a few used the idea to achieve a political agenda embodied in this comment from the Club of Rome, a global think ...
climate variable mapping and agriculture
... temperatures. It is interesting to note that the climate is getting warmer more as a result of higher night temperatures than higher day temperatures. This is consistent with either an increase in greenhouse gas concentrations or an increase in cloud cover, since both of these phenomena will diminis ...
... temperatures. It is interesting to note that the climate is getting warmer more as a result of higher night temperatures than higher day temperatures. This is consistent with either an increase in greenhouse gas concentrations or an increase in cloud cover, since both of these phenomena will diminis ...
This paper reports on a special health concern identified in Barrow
... and the Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium’s Center for Climate and Health (ANTHC) performed surveys of ice cellars in Barrow. The ice cellars are the property of three whaling captains: George Adams, Harry Brower (2 cellars), and Qulliuq Pebley. The Pebley cellar was surveyed on November 6 ...
... and the Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium’s Center for Climate and Health (ANTHC) performed surveys of ice cellars in Barrow. The ice cellars are the property of three whaling captains: George Adams, Harry Brower (2 cellars), and Qulliuq Pebley. The Pebley cellar was surveyed on November 6 ...
Impact of weather on commuter cyclist behaviour and implications
... caused greatest variation and wind caused the least variation in bicycling demand in Netherlands. Winters et al (2007) examined the association of utilitarian cycling with precipitation and temperature in Canadian cities and found that more days of precipitation per year and more days of freezing t ...
... caused greatest variation and wind caused the least variation in bicycling demand in Netherlands. Winters et al (2007) examined the association of utilitarian cycling with precipitation and temperature in Canadian cities and found that more days of precipitation per year and more days of freezing t ...
Projected Changes in Extreme Weather and Climate Events in Europe
... waves might be expected for many places across Europe by the end of the current century (Beniston 2004). The extent to which such projected changes in the heat wave climate of Europe would bring about increases in heat-related mortality and morbidity depends on the level of societal adaptation to su ...
... waves might be expected for many places across Europe by the end of the current century (Beniston 2004). The extent to which such projected changes in the heat wave climate of Europe would bring about increases in heat-related mortality and morbidity depends on the level of societal adaptation to su ...
Climate-change studies in the western Himalaya
... Shamshawari, Greater Himalaya and Karakoram) are considered. Results show the seasonal maximum and minimum temperatures have increased over all the ranges of the western Himalaya, except the Karakoram range, where there is a decreasing trend (Fig. 3). The Pir Panjal range shows an increase in maximu ...
... Shamshawari, Greater Himalaya and Karakoram) are considered. Results show the seasonal maximum and minimum temperatures have increased over all the ranges of the western Himalaya, except the Karakoram range, where there is a decreasing trend (Fig. 3). The Pir Panjal range shows an increase in maximu ...
Global change final
... mean global temperature data from NASA meteorological stations (Figure 1) indicates that the degree of change has increased dramatically in the last 40 years alone. If this observed trend continues, then not only temperatures, but also the rate at which the temperatures change are expected to rise b ...
... mean global temperature data from NASA meteorological stations (Figure 1) indicates that the degree of change has increased dramatically in the last 40 years alone. If this observed trend continues, then not only temperatures, but also the rate at which the temperatures change are expected to rise b ...
Complex Life Cycles and the Responses of Insects to Climate Change
... other factors, including oxygen and water, may be important as well; e.g., low humidity may help eggs survive short heat shocks if they, or their host’s leaves, can cool themselves significantly via evaporation. Potter et al. (2009) have recently explored the performance of eggs, of M. sexta, in the ...
... other factors, including oxygen and water, may be important as well; e.g., low humidity may help eggs survive short heat shocks if they, or their host’s leaves, can cool themselves significantly via evaporation. Potter et al. (2009) have recently explored the performance of eggs, of M. sexta, in the ...
The Impact of Temperature Change on Energy
... very limited extent. Heating is mostly fuelled by oil and gas, whereas electricity is mostly used for lighting, refrigerators, washing machines, other domestic appliances and cooling devices. Therefore, if there is a strong positive link between electricity consumption and summer temperatures, an in ...
... very limited extent. Heating is mostly fuelled by oil and gas, whereas electricity is mostly used for lighting, refrigerators, washing machines, other domestic appliances and cooling devices. Therefore, if there is a strong positive link between electricity consumption and summer temperatures, an in ...
WARMER PERIODS IN THE SLOVAK MOUNTAINS ACCORDING
... warmer summer and winter periods longer than 5 years and without any significant sequence of colder months. The 1988–2004 summer and 1988–2002 winter periods were the warmest in the Danubian lowland in Slovakia. The warmest summer periods in the High Tatras Mts. are in the reality very similar (at L ...
... warmer summer and winter periods longer than 5 years and without any significant sequence of colder months. The 1988–2004 summer and 1988–2002 winter periods were the warmest in the Danubian lowland in Slovakia. The warmest summer periods in the High Tatras Mts. are in the reality very similar (at L ...
lepidoptera larvae as an indicator of multi
... • Within the transect study, we observed two seasonal peaks in caterpillar abundance. One occurs within two weeks of snowmelt and one occurs four to six weeks following snowmelt at all four sites. Shrub vegetation is increasing in the Arctic as temperatures warm. Vegetation differences may influence ...
... • Within the transect study, we observed two seasonal peaks in caterpillar abundance. One occurs within two weeks of snowmelt and one occurs four to six weeks following snowmelt at all four sites. Shrub vegetation is increasing in the Arctic as temperatures warm. Vegetation differences may influence ...
Climate of the Past
... be obtained using climate models driven by estimated past radiative forcing changes. Those simulations still have clear limitations because of the relatively coarse resolution used and of the uncertainties on past changes in external forcing as well as in the internal climate sensitivity. Neverthele ...
... be obtained using climate models driven by estimated past radiative forcing changes. Those simulations still have clear limitations because of the relatively coarse resolution used and of the uncertainties on past changes in external forcing as well as in the internal climate sensitivity. Neverthele ...
Sensitivity analysis of snow patterns in Swiss ski resorts to shifts in
... depending in particular on the altitude, orientation, topography, slope, wind and solar exposure of an area (Barry, 1992). The use of a Regional Climate Model (RCM) with a relatively coarse grid mesh is therefore not adequate to analyse snow cover (Keller and Goyette, 2005; Scott et al., 2006) for t ...
... depending in particular on the altitude, orientation, topography, slope, wind and solar exposure of an area (Barry, 1992). The use of a Regional Climate Model (RCM) with a relatively coarse grid mesh is therefore not adequate to analyse snow cover (Keller and Goyette, 2005; Scott et al., 2006) for t ...
Impacts of Climate Change on the Management of Upland Waters
... This model having been recognized to be unable to reproduce the characteristics of variables at the regional and short time scales, different projects have been launched in order to address this issue. Computations were made in the Suiss Alps, using a high resolution model (20 km x 20 km) under a hy ...
... This model having been recognized to be unable to reproduce the characteristics of variables at the regional and short time scales, different projects have been launched in order to address this issue. Computations were made in the Suiss Alps, using a high resolution model (20 km x 20 km) under a hy ...
Early 2014 North American cold wave
The 2014 North American cold wave was an extreme weather event extending from January to April 2014, and was also part of an unusually cold winter affecting parts of Canada and the Eastern United States. The event occurred in early 2014 and was caused by a southward shift of the North Polar Vortex. Record low temperatures also extended well into March.On January 2, an Arctic cold front initially associated with a nor'easter tracked across Canada and the United States, resulting in heavy snowfall. Temperatures fell to unprecedented levels, and low temperature records were broken across the United States. Business, school, and road closures were common, as well as mass flight cancellations. Altogether, more than 200 million people were affected, in an area ranging from the Rocky Mountains to the Atlantic Ocean and extending south to include roughly 187 million residents of the Continental United States.