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The effect of adding hydroxyl functional groups and increasing molar
The effect of adding hydroxyl functional groups and increasing molar

... cell, and the flow cell subsequently mounted to an optical microscope. Particles were allowed to equilibrate at a given relative humidity (RH) using a humidity-controlled flow of N2 gas through the flow cell, which also imparts a shear stress on the surface ...
Cold spray coating: review of material systems and future perspectives
Cold spray coating: review of material systems and future perspectives

Chapter 21 . Interferometers
Chapter 21 . Interferometers

... length using the wavelengths of stabilized lasers. Because of the high degree of coherence of laser light, interference fringes can be obtained even with quite large optical path differences, and electronic fringe counting has become a very practical technique for length measurements. The earliest f ...
00410135.pdf
00410135.pdf

... many locations on the tractor and trailer where the use of PFC can help reduce drag. In fact, if these actuators contribute as expected, redesign of both tractor and trailer may be in order. At this point in the research, most of the attention is being placed on after-market additions to existing de ...
Report on Gas Absorption and VCSEL Emission Spectra Study
Report on Gas Absorption and VCSEL Emission Spectra Study

... optical path between the laser and the photodetector, the setup mirrors and the internal mirrors of the photodetector influence considerably the operation of the VCSEL laser, working as an external optical resonator and imposing the generation and amplification of several modes in the obtained spect ...
Cortisone Acetate Nano-particles Formation by Rapid Expansion of a Supercritical
Cortisone Acetate Nano-particles Formation by Rapid Expansion of a Supercritical

... (273-383 K) showed that in the low temperatures ( 293 K), large and separate solid nucleus are formed (100 nm ). This can be justified by liquid high density and the nano particles low surface activity in the low temperatures. Fig.2 shows that, increasing the temperature to 312 K resulted in the mea ...
Fluid Mechanics - 上海交通大学工程力学教学基地
Fluid Mechanics - 上海交通大学工程力学教学基地

... leads to differential equations describing the relationships among properties in the flow field (property variations) For the case Steady, incompressible, frictionless flow along a streamline, integration of one such differential equation leads to a useful relationship among speed, pressure, and ele ...
Lecture 17 Fluid Dynamics: handouts
Lecture 17 Fluid Dynamics: handouts

... Motion slow enough so gas moves under Stokes flow No ∆P in normal direction Lateral flow has Poiseuille like velocity profile ...
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Generation of a few-cycle optical probe pulse for the

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Conservation of momentum:
Conservation of momentum:

... the current velocity at the voxel to be updated. The other, ux  tux, t n , t n  t  , is an off-grid velocity vector needed in the trapezoidal method. At first glance, step 2 seems just as suitable for a simple data-parallel approach as step 1. Unfortunately, the off-grid interpolation involv ...
ScienceDirect LTCC, New Packaging Approach for Toxic Gas and Particle Detection
ScienceDirect LTCC, New Packaging Approach for Toxic Gas and Particle Detection

... effectiveness e.g. through fast processing. The technology is based on commercially available green tapes where e.g. conducting lines, finger electrodes and cavities are processed. Recently a tape, HeraLock 2000 (Heraues GMbH, Germany), with almost no planar shrinkage during the firing process was d ...
Article Laser Journal Polygon Scanner
Article Laser Journal Polygon Scanner

... an uncertainty or timing jitter when the laser pulse is on in relation to the angle of incidence onto the mirror face. This results in approximately a one spot radius displacement on target from scan to scan as shown in Fig. 3a). In some applications, such as scribing or cutting applications, this i ...
Polarization-Controlled Multi-Pass Thomson Scattering System in
Polarization-Controlled Multi-Pass Thomson Scattering System in

... key component of this optical system. These lenses maintain the laser beam quality during the multi-pass propagation through the image-relaying optical system from the iris to the reflection mirror. The laser beam is reflected by the reflection mirror  4 (CVI, Y1-1037-0) for the second pass and is ...
Novel high-temperature and pressure-compatible ultrasonic levitator
Novel high-temperature and pressure-compatible ultrasonic levitator

... sharpness and intensity of the Raman spectral features for minerals and organic molecules and additionally the ability to observe the Raman-active symmetric stretching modes of aromatic rings are further complementary aspects to infrared absorption spectroscopy. The combination of the complimentary ...
A SWDY OF MErnANISM OF RADIATIOO IN LlMINOOS FLAMES
A SWDY OF MErnANISM OF RADIATIOO IN LlMINOOS FLAMES

... considering the combustive constituents and geometrical form of the flame a t the initial stage of combustion because the properties of the radiation are also related to the temperature, the velocity and the concentration in the flame , The currently used empirical method ( not based on fundamental ...
A Manuscript Template for JAFM - Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics
A Manuscript Template for JAFM - Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics

... approaches. A detailed description of these approaches can be found in the comprehensive reviews by Enwald et al. (1996), Gouesbet and Berlemont (1998) and Balachandar and Eaton (2010). Realized and sophisticated EulerianEulerian and Eulerian-Lagrangian models are used when detailed local flow param ...
Patterning Proteins and Cells Using Two
Patterning Proteins and Cells Using Two

... Figure 3. Particle organization and patterning. (A) Microsphere arrays were patterned into grids of 500 micron diameter circles. (B) Detail of a single circle showing the organization of particles. (C) Fibroblasts stained with rhodamine-conjugated phalloidin attached and spread on patterned circles ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... • usually referring to gases, since their density is not constant with height/depth ...
Settling and Sedimentation
Settling and Sedimentation

... Devices for the separation of solid particles into several fractions based upon their rates of flow or settling through fluids are known as classifiers In this methods, a liquid is used whose density is intermediate between that of the heavy or high-density material and that of the light-density mat ...
Jon Abbatt - Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Physics
Jon Abbatt - Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Physics

... Is this a valid representation? To some degree, this depends on the setting. For example, in a large dust storm coming off the Gobi desert, the total particle surface area and mass will be overwhelmingly dominated by mineral dust. But, as this mineral dust “ages”, it will pick up a thin mixed sulfat ...
The Material Derivative The equations above apply to a fluid
The Material Derivative The equations above apply to a fluid

... Transformation to a Rotating Frame of Reference Newton’s laws of motion and therefore the Navier-Stokes equation apply only in an inertial frame of reference. When considering the flow of rotating bodies such as the Earth (or other rotating bodies such as the sun or galaxies), it is convenient to c ...
Destabilisation of colloidal suspensions
Destabilisation of colloidal suspensions

... mainly to bound water layers which prevent close contact between particles, although charge is also considered to contribute to their stability. These mainly organic substances may be single macromolecules or aggregates of macromolecules and may be in true solution or suspension. They derive their c ...
Particle Aerodynamics S+P Chap 9.
Particle Aerodynamics S+P Chap 9.

... • Third is the approach towards equilibrium for an arbitrary initial velocity. • All three presume that the air is not moving, or rather that the particle velocity is expressed in the reference frame of the air. • The next step is to link the particle mobility to the properties of the particle and t ...
Characterization of Electrospray Aerosol Generator
Characterization of Electrospray Aerosol Generator

... classification is known as Differential Mobility Analysis. In this method, aerosols are charged, and then sent through an electric field where particle motion is dependent on size and charge. These instruments are designed such that they output particles of a narrow range of sizes for selected elect ...
Homework #4 - University of South Florida
Homework #4 - University of South Florida

... diameter change much from part (a)? In other words, did you make the particles much bigger so that they will settle well during sedimentation? d. Now suppose that you add a coagulant, which forms Al(OH)3 or Fe(OH)3 precipitate, such that the volume fraction in the flocculator is Ω = 10–3. Assume tha ...
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Particle image velocimetry

Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is an optical method of flow visualization used in education and research. It is used to obtain instantaneous velocity measurements and related properties in fluids. The fluid is seeded with tracer particles which, for sufficiently small particles, are assumed to faithfully follow the flow dynamics (the degree to which the particles faithfully follow the flow is represented by the Stokes number). The fluid with entrained particles is illuminated so that particles are visible. The motion of the seeding particles is used to calculate speed and direction (the velocity field) of the flow being studied.Other techniques used to measure flows are laser Doppler velocimetry and hot-wire anemometry. The main difference between PIV and those techniques is that PIV produces two-dimensional or even three-dimensional vector fields, while the other techniques measure the velocity at a point. During PIV, the particle concentration is such that it is possible to identify individual particles in an image, but not with certainty to track it between images. When the particle concentration is so low that it is possible to follow an individual particle it is called Particle tracking velocimetry, while Laser speckle velocimetry is used for cases where the particle concentration is so high that it is difficult to observe individual particles in an image.Typical PIV apparatus consists of a camera (normally a digital camera with a CCD chip in modern systems), a strobe or laser with an optical arrangement to limit the physical region illuminated (normally a cylindrical lens to convert a light beam to a line), a synchronizer to act as an external trigger for control of the camera and laser, the seeding particles and the fluid under investigation. A fiber optic cable or liquid light guide may connect the laser to the lens setup. PIV software is used to post-process the optical images.
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