Darwin and the Digital Body: Evolution, the
... I’m grateful to a whole galaxy of people whose support was essential to this writing. At the University of Minnesota, Jennifer Caruso introduced me to Charles Darwin and a wry, incisive take on what graduate school can be about. DonnaMae Gustafson was so encouraging that it was impossible to believe ...
... I’m grateful to a whole galaxy of people whose support was essential to this writing. At the University of Minnesota, Jennifer Caruso introduced me to Charles Darwin and a wry, incisive take on what graduate school can be about. DonnaMae Gustafson was so encouraging that it was impossible to believe ...
Is evolution fundamental when it comes to defining biological
... definitions are 1 and 2, which we may think of roughly as ‘evolutionary’ and ‘organisational’ concepts respectively. This rough method indicates that there are around nine distinct concepts named in this table. The table exhausts neither possible nor actual concepts in the vicinity. Some concepts – ...
... definitions are 1 and 2, which we may think of roughly as ‘evolutionary’ and ‘organisational’ concepts respectively. This rough method indicates that there are around nine distinct concepts named in this table. The table exhausts neither possible nor actual concepts in the vicinity. Some concepts – ...
Ch 5 – Applications of Newton`s Laws
... in contact with each other at those asperities. Cold fusion bonding is only valid within a range of a few atoms’ diameters. The less surface area you have (thus, the fewer asperities that are in contact with one another), the less friction you have. That’s why it’s easier to move things that are on ...
... in contact with each other at those asperities. Cold fusion bonding is only valid within a range of a few atoms’ diameters. The less surface area you have (thus, the fewer asperities that are in contact with one another), the less friction you have. That’s why it’s easier to move things that are on ...
Rotating locomotion in living systems
There exist two distinct modes of locomotion using rotation: first, simple rolling; and second, the spinning of parts relative to a fixed axle or body, in the manner of a wheel or propeller. Several organisms move by rolling; however, despite the ubiquity of wheels in human vehicles, true wheels do not appear (with the exception of certain flagella) to play any role in the movement of organisms. Biologists have expounded on the reasons for this apparent lack of biological wheels, and wheeled creatures have often appeared in speculative fiction.Given the utility of the wheel in human technology, and the existence of biological analogues of many other technologies (such as wings and lenses), it might seem odd that wheels do not appear in nature, but there are two main factors which explain this phenomenon. First, there are several developmental and evolutionary obstacles to the advent of a wheel by natural selection (addressing the question ""Why can't wheels evolve?""). Secondly, wheels are often at a competitive disadvantage when compared with other means of propulsion (such as walking, running, or slithering) in natural environments (addressing the question ""If wheels could evolve, why would they be unlikely to do so?""). Incidentally, this disadvantage in some environments also explains why some civilizations have abandoned wheels.