Topic 1: Biological Diversity and Survival
... Ex. Bulls and cows – more cows can be inseminated - INVITRO FERTILIZATION involves taking sperm from a prize bull and eggs from a prize cow and fertilizing the egg in a petri dish - Many more embryos are formed - Each embryo is implanted into a different cow - Eventually they give birth to many calv ...
... Ex. Bulls and cows – more cows can be inseminated - INVITRO FERTILIZATION involves taking sperm from a prize bull and eggs from a prize cow and fertilizing the egg in a petri dish - Many more embryos are formed - Each embryo is implanted into a different cow - Eventually they give birth to many calv ...
X n Y
... Sex influenced traits • The gene is NOT on a sex chromosome, but SEX affects the phenotype • Ex-baldness-dominant in males, recessive in women – If ‘B’ represents bald and ‘b’ is hairy then Men must be bb to keep hair Women can be Bb or bb to keep hair ...
... Sex influenced traits • The gene is NOT on a sex chromosome, but SEX affects the phenotype • Ex-baldness-dominant in males, recessive in women – If ‘B’ represents bald and ‘b’ is hairy then Men must be bb to keep hair Women can be Bb or bb to keep hair ...
Non-disjunction
... • Down syndrome and spina bifida common tests • Amniocentesis - genetically testing of fetus between weeks 14 to 20 of pregnancy. • Chorionic villus sampling is also used. – Tissue surrounding the fetus is removed and tested. • These tests have risks and are used only if concerns arise ...
... • Down syndrome and spina bifida common tests • Amniocentesis - genetically testing of fetus between weeks 14 to 20 of pregnancy. • Chorionic villus sampling is also used. – Tissue surrounding the fetus is removed and tested. • These tests have risks and are used only if concerns arise ...
Cell Cycle and Cancer Notes
... • Cell differentiation occurs because cells have the ability to turn off most genes and only work with the genes necessary for the cell to do its specific job. ...
... • Cell differentiation occurs because cells have the ability to turn off most genes and only work with the genes necessary for the cell to do its specific job. ...
Eukaryotic Cells and the Cell Cycle
... Introduction: In this laboratory session you will study two types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis. Cellular division in which somatic cells (body cells) divide either for growth or for repair of damaged or destroyed cells is called mitosis. Each cell that is undergoing mitosis normally produce ...
... Introduction: In this laboratory session you will study two types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis. Cellular division in which somatic cells (body cells) divide either for growth or for repair of damaged or destroyed cells is called mitosis. Each cell that is undergoing mitosis normally produce ...
What is Inheritance?
... Every cell in an individual contains a full set of chromosomes in the nucleus (except sex cells) The number of chromosomes varies between species Some species can have as few as 2 chromosomes and others as many as 100! Humans have 46 chromosomes ...
... Every cell in an individual contains a full set of chromosomes in the nucleus (except sex cells) The number of chromosomes varies between species Some species can have as few as 2 chromosomes and others as many as 100! Humans have 46 chromosomes ...
Classical (Mendelian) Genetics
... consisting of 23 pairs, or a total of 46 chromosomes • In a diploid cell, there are two genes for each characteristic ...
... consisting of 23 pairs, or a total of 46 chromosomes • In a diploid cell, there are two genes for each characteristic ...
The genetics and evolution of a fruit fly
... Genes that determine traits come in pairs (alleles) and are encoded and arranged on pairs of homologous structures called chromosomes which are found in the nuclei of most cells. During the process of making sex cells the chromosome number is reduced by a half (haploid). When the sex cells come toge ...
... Genes that determine traits come in pairs (alleles) and are encoded and arranged on pairs of homologous structures called chromosomes which are found in the nuclei of most cells. During the process of making sex cells the chromosome number is reduced by a half (haploid). When the sex cells come toge ...
X Chromosome
... larger than the Y. Has over 1,200 genes on it. • Y chromosome only has about 140 genes on it, most which are associated with male sex determination and sperm development. ...
... larger than the Y. Has over 1,200 genes on it. • Y chromosome only has about 140 genes on it, most which are associated with male sex determination and sperm development. ...
File ap notes chapter 15
... Pairs of homologues do not separate during meiosis Aneuploidy-abnormal number of a particular chromosome Trisomy monosomy ...
... Pairs of homologues do not separate during meiosis Aneuploidy-abnormal number of a particular chromosome Trisomy monosomy ...
errors_exceptions teacher notes
... a. Nondisjunction—means “not coming apart”; most common when homologous chromosomes fail to separate in meiosis b. Consequence of nondisjunction: one gamete gets 2 of same type of chromosome & another gets no copy c. Offspring from fertilization of normal gamete with one produced by nondisjunction w ...
... a. Nondisjunction—means “not coming apart”; most common when homologous chromosomes fail to separate in meiosis b. Consequence of nondisjunction: one gamete gets 2 of same type of chromosome & another gets no copy c. Offspring from fertilization of normal gamete with one produced by nondisjunction w ...
BIOL10005: Genetics and the Evolution of Life
... A reminder of the 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio and how it is generated Reminder of the action of a single gene in a biosynthetic pathway Genes do not operate in isolation – the phenotype results from the interaction of the gene products from more than one locus Gene interaction where the ratio in the F2 ...
... A reminder of the 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio and how it is generated Reminder of the action of a single gene in a biosynthetic pathway Genes do not operate in isolation – the phenotype results from the interaction of the gene products from more than one locus Gene interaction where the ratio in the F2 ...
Inheritance Patterns - Santa Susana High School
... • Things that cause alterations in chromosome number or pattern lead to genetic disorders. – Alterations in chromosome number - aneuploidy • caused by nondisjunction – failure of a chromosome to separate during meiosis » if nondisjunction is of a single chromosome the zygote will either be monosomic ...
... • Things that cause alterations in chromosome number or pattern lead to genetic disorders. – Alterations in chromosome number - aneuploidy • caused by nondisjunction – failure of a chromosome to separate during meiosis » if nondisjunction is of a single chromosome the zygote will either be monosomic ...
Variation - Intermediate School Biology
... Independent assortment of chromosomes at meiosis. Any member of a pair of alleles can combine with either of another pair of alleles. Crossing over increases variation due to the exchange of genes. Fertilisation : As one set of information comes from each parent, the offspring can have a diffe ...
... Independent assortment of chromosomes at meiosis. Any member of a pair of alleles can combine with either of another pair of alleles. Crossing over increases variation due to the exchange of genes. Fertilisation : As one set of information comes from each parent, the offspring can have a diffe ...
Mitochondrial genome
... • Recent African Origin Model suggests that our species evolved from a small African population that subsequently colonised the whole world • Coalescence analysis indicates that all mtDNA in modern humans can be traced back to a single female (~100-150,000 years ago) ...
... • Recent African Origin Model suggests that our species evolved from a small African population that subsequently colonised the whole world • Coalescence analysis indicates that all mtDNA in modern humans can be traced back to a single female (~100-150,000 years ago) ...
ppt slides - University of Bath
... • Recent African Origin Model suggests that our species evolved from a small African population that subsequently colonised the whole world • Coalescence analysis indicates that all mtDNA in modern humans can be traced back to a single female (~100-150,000 years ago) ...
... • Recent African Origin Model suggests that our species evolved from a small African population that subsequently colonised the whole world • Coalescence analysis indicates that all mtDNA in modern humans can be traced back to a single female (~100-150,000 years ago) ...
Prelab Reading
... Organisms pass their genes to their offspring via special cells that are produced by a process of cell division called meiosis. In humans, meiosis occurs in the cells of the ovaries and testes to produce eggs and sperm. Cells produced by meiosis are called gametes and they contain ½ of an individual ...
... Organisms pass their genes to their offspring via special cells that are produced by a process of cell division called meiosis. In humans, meiosis occurs in the cells of the ovaries and testes to produce eggs and sperm. Cells produced by meiosis are called gametes and they contain ½ of an individual ...
Document
... ii) Paired chromosomes segregate during meiosis. Each sex cell or gamete has half the number of chromosomes found in a somatic cell iii) Chromosomes sort independently during meiosis. Each gamete receives one of the pairs and that one chromosome has no influence on the movement of a member of anothe ...
... ii) Paired chromosomes segregate during meiosis. Each sex cell or gamete has half the number of chromosomes found in a somatic cell iii) Chromosomes sort independently during meiosis. Each gamete receives one of the pairs and that one chromosome has no influence on the movement of a member of anothe ...
Chapter 13 - Pierce Public Schools
... • Hemophilia A: The __ does not clot properly because it lacks a __ essential for clotting. • __: about one in every 10 000 has hemophilia. __: only about one in 100 million inherits it. – Females would need __ recessive alleles to inherit ...
... • Hemophilia A: The __ does not clot properly because it lacks a __ essential for clotting. • __: about one in every 10 000 has hemophilia. __: only about one in 100 million inherits it. – Females would need __ recessive alleles to inherit ...
Bewildering Bs: an impression of the 1st B-Chromosome
... rates and individual variation. Bs may be so widespread in nature because they are prone to drive and! or because they are a by-product of general processes of karyotypical evolution. There is some evidence from ...
... rates and individual variation. Bs may be so widespread in nature because they are prone to drive and! or because they are a by-product of general processes of karyotypical evolution. There is some evidence from ...
Document
... B. the centromere region of a metaphase chromosome at which the DNA can bind with spindle proteins C. the array of vesicles that will form between two dividing nuclei and give rise to the metaphase plate D. the ring of actin microfilaments that will cause the appearance of the cleavage furrow E. the ...
... B. the centromere region of a metaphase chromosome at which the DNA can bind with spindle proteins C. the array of vesicles that will form between two dividing nuclei and give rise to the metaphase plate D. the ring of actin microfilaments that will cause the appearance of the cleavage furrow E. the ...
BIO 221 - eweb.furman.edu
... When a cell Inactivates One Of Its Two X-Chromosomes, All Subsequent Daughter Cells Will Carry the Same XM vs XP Inactivation ...
... When a cell Inactivates One Of Its Two X-Chromosomes, All Subsequent Daughter Cells Will Carry the Same XM vs XP Inactivation ...
Ploidy
Ploidy is the number of sets of chromosomes in a cell. Usually a gamete (sperm or egg, which fuse into a single cell during the fertilization phase of sexual reproduction) carries a full set of chromosomes that includes a single copy of each chromosome, as aneuploidy generally leads to severe genetic disease in the offspring. The gametic or haploid number (n) is the number of chromosomes in a gamete. Two gametes form a diploid zygote with twice this number (2n, the zygotic or diploid number) i.e. two copies of autosomal chromosomes. For humans, a diploid species, n = 23. A typical human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes: 2 complete haploid sets, which make up 23 homologous chromosome pairs.Because chromosome number is generally reduced only by the specialized process of meiosis, the somatic cells of the body inherit and maintain the chromosome number of the zygote. However, in many situations somatic cells double their copy number by means of endoreduplication as an aspect of cellular differentiation. For example, the hearts of two-year-old children contain 85% diploid and 15% tetraploid nuclei, but by 12 years of age the proportions become approximately equal, and adults examined contained 27% diploid, 71% tetraploid and 2% octaploid nuclei.Cells are described according to the number of sets present (the ploidy level): monoploid (1 set), diploid (2 sets), triploid (3 sets), tetraploid (4 sets), pentaploid (5 sets), hexaploid (6 sets), heptaploid or septaploid (7 sets), etc. The generic term polyploid is frequently used to describe cells with three or more sets of chromosomes (triploid or higher ploidy).