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XistAR write up
XistAR write up

... and sequencing RNA/DNA of male rats, since no inactivation is required in male rats, Tsix is only expressed from that mutant allele (Figure 1b). However, in the female versions of these rats, there appears to be an antisense transcript present, which can only be transcribed from the WT inactivated X ...
BI 102 – General Biology Instructor: Waite Quiz 3 Study Guide Quiz
BI 102 – General Biology Instructor: Waite Quiz 3 Study Guide Quiz

... BI 102 – General Biology Instructor: Waite ...
Lab 6 Prelab Reading
Lab 6 Prelab Reading

... males with the disorder. Another type of sex chromosome abnormality is the fragile X syndrome. This condition is easily seen in opaque stained chromosome spreads. It appears as if the end of the long arm (q) of the X chromosome is loose or has broken off. Fragile X syndrome occurs predominantly in m ...
Practice Exam III
Practice Exam III

... 16. Which chromosomal aberration has the apparent effect of suppressing crossing over? inversions 17. Which chromosomal aberration produces the following synaptic configuration? ...
Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes
Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes

... o There are other genes that play a role in fertility and the development of sexual characteristics o Androgen-insensitivity syndrome o Some women have female external sexual characteristics but fail to menstruate o Examination reveals testes in the abdominal cavity producing male levels of testoste ...
Human Genetics Notes
Human Genetics Notes

... maintain muscle growth. Eventually the chest muscles deteriorate causing breathing difficulties. These difficulties lead to respiratory infections which continue until the process takes the life of the child. ...
BL414 Genetics Spring 2006  page Test 3
BL414 Genetics Spring 2006 page Test 3

... X-inactivation is the mechanism for dosage compensation in humans. Xinactivation occurs in females, during early embryonic development, causing one X chromosome to be inactivated in every cell of a female. The paternal or maternal X chromosome is randomly inactivated. All descendants of the embryoni ...
HM2013058 Research Assistant JD FINAL - Workspace
HM2013058 Research Assistant JD FINAL - Workspace

... acting as a sink for heterochromatin factors and 2) overexpression of genes that escape X chromosome inactivation. Moreover, we have found significant enrichment within the subset of sex chromosome sensitive genes for genes that are also sensitive to the dosage of a key component of heterochromatin ...
MITOSIS THE HEREDITARY MATERIAL OF ORGANISMS (PLANTS
MITOSIS THE HEREDITARY MATERIAL OF ORGANISMS (PLANTS

... BASIC WAYS: 1. SOMETHING CAUSES A DOUBLING OF THE CHROMOSOME NUMBER IN A CELL – THIS USUALLY HAPPENS IN A SOMATIC CELL, AND WHEN IT HAPPENS IN THE MERISTEM THE PLANT CAN BE AFFECTED (X-RAYS, UV LIGHT, CHEMICALS, ETC.) 2. SOMETHING GOES WRONG IN MEIOSIS, RATHER THAN REDUCING THE NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES ...
(MCQ and Pots) Mar 05
(MCQ and Pots) Mar 05

... Can be caused by point mutations on chromosome 15 The following predispose to an increased risk in having a child tt’s abnormal: Alcoholism by the mother during the 1sttrimester A 35 yr old woman with one spontaneous abortion A woman with 3 spontaneous abortions A man with a 2nd cousin having a chro ...
Polygenic Traits
Polygenic Traits

... • Have 3 alleles total, the normal + the duplicate – Flies homozygous for this mutation (and thus have 2 extra copies of the gene) have a very small ...
Sex Linked Inheritance
Sex Linked Inheritance

... • This is different from X-linked inheritance, which refers to traits carried on the X chromosome. • Sex hormones and other physiologic differences between males and females may alter the expressivity of a gene. • For example, premature baldness is an autosomal dominant trait, but presumably as a re ...
Section 7.1: Chromosomes and Phenotype
Section 7.1: Chromosomes and Phenotype

... 2. What dominant-recessive patterns of inheritance cause autosomal disorders? 3. Describe the patterns of inheritance of sex-linked genes. 4. How are sex-linked genes expressed as phenotypes? ...
meiosis mitosis Independent orientation of chromosomes in meiosis
meiosis mitosis Independent orientation of chromosomes in meiosis

... Alternative versions of genes account for variations in inherited characters. ...
Characteristics of linked genes
Characteristics of linked genes

... Gray body/Small Wing ...
Lecture Outline
Lecture Outline

... 3. A translocation occurs when a part of one chromosome is transferred to a nonhomologous chromosome as in form of leukemia in which a segment of chromosome 9 is attached to chromosome 22. 4. A deletion is the loss of a chromosome segment as when a terminal segment is lost, or when viruses, chemical ...
Genetics
Genetics

... –Babies begin showing symptoms by 6 months old—lose their eyesight, hearing, become paralyzed –Most die by age 4 And more.. Phenylketonuria: also more common in caucasians –Lack of enzyme that breaks down phenylalanine (found in nutrasweet) –Can cause mental retardation and convulsions –In US babie ...
Unit 3 PreTest Heredity and Genetics
Unit 3 PreTest Heredity and Genetics

... Explain why offspring from the same parents can appear different. Part C Explain how the orange carrot likely originated from the yellow carrot. Part D Explain how the Afghanistan farmers and the university researchers grew carrots with desired traits. ...
The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

... humans when the embryo is about 2 months old. then, the rudiments of gonads are generic – they can develop into either ovaries or testes, depending on hormonal conditions within the embryo.  Y chromosome must be present to produce testes.  Before ...
Epigenetics ppt
Epigenetics ppt

... The study of the mechanisms by which genes bring about their phenotypic effects ...
Answers to Quiz 3:
Answers to Quiz 3:

... in meiosis one will generate a chromosome with duplications and deficiencies. 6. The chromosome was derived from the father, due to a crossover between homologs within the inversion loop. Ans: (a) 7. The chromosome in the child contains duplications and deficiencies. Ans: (d) 8. False. It is possibl ...
S-8-2-2_Vocabulary Matching Worksheet and KEY Vocabulary
S-8-2-2_Vocabulary Matching Worksheet and KEY Vocabulary

... alternate forms of a gene that control the same characteristics traits that an organism is born with that are carried on their genes type of allele that is always expressed when it is present in an individual a molecule in the genes that passes characteristics from one generation to the next traits ...
NonMendelian Inheritance PPT
NonMendelian Inheritance PPT

... • More than one set of genes coding for a trait (NOT the same as multiple alleles) • Eye color is influenced by many genes coding for different kinds of pigment as well as where in the iris those pigments are found (some have been located on ...
Genetic Mutations
Genetic Mutations

... of chromosomes, with one chromosome from each parent. • The chromosomes are coiled up DNA. • Under normal conditions all of the chromosomes are inherited in tact. ...
Autosomal Single Gene Disorders Notes
Autosomal Single Gene Disorders Notes

... Autosomal? These types of gene disorders are only found in chromosome pairs 1-22 ...
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Skewed X-inactivation

Skewed X chromosome inactivation occurs when the inactivation of one X chromosome is favored over the other, leading to an uneven number of cells with each chromosome inactivated. It is usually defined as one allele being found on the active X chromosome in over 75% of cells, and extreme skewing is when over 90% of cells have inactivated the same X chromosome. It can be caused by primary nonrandom inactivation, either by chance due to a small cell pool or directed by genes, or caused by secondary nonrandom inactivation, which occurs by selection. Most females will have some levels of skewing. It is relatively common in adult females; around 35% of women have skewed ratio over 70:30, and 7% of women have an extreme skewed ratio of over 90:10. This is of medical significance due to the potential for the expression of disease genes present on the X chromosome that are normally not expressed due to random X inactivation. X chromosome inactivation occurs in females to provide dosage compensation between the sexes. If females kept both X chromosomes active they would have twice the number of active X genes than males, who only have one copy of the X chromosome. At approximately the time of implantation (see Implantation (human embryo), one of the two X chromosomes is randomly selected for inactivation. The cell undergoes transcriptional and epigenetic changes to ensure this inactivation is permanent. All progeny from these initial cells will maintain the inactivation of the same chromosome, resulting in a mosaic pattern of cells in females.
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