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Genetic Variation - Nicholls State University
Genetic Variation - Nicholls State University

... of the cases of hemophilia A are caused by an inversion of a long sequence off bbases within ithi one off the th genes. Huntington’s disease - a fatal neurological disorder - is due to an excessive number of repeats of the sequence CAG - normal forms of the genes have 10 to 30 repeats, mutants have ...
class03.pps - CS Technion
class03.pps - CS Technion

... 1. For an arbitrarily small unit  of distance (time) the probability of observing an event is approximately equal to , and equals virtually zero for more than one event. 2. The rate  is constant over the entire region. 3. The number of events occurring in one interval is independent of the numbe ...
Chapter 10 Patterns of Inheritance
Chapter 10 Patterns of Inheritance

... • A linkage group is a set of genes located on the same chromosome. – They will be inherited together – Crossing-over may occur in prophase I of Meiosis I, which may split up these linkage group – A child can have gene combinations not found in either parent alone – The closer together two genes are ...
new03
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Fact Sheet 10 | X-LINKED DOMINANT INHERITANCE This fact

... is passed on to us from our mother and the other from our father. 22 of these chromosome pairs are numbered. These numbered pairs are known as the autosomal chromosomes. The 23rd pair is made up of the sex chromosomes called X and Y. Males have an X and a Y chromosome and females have two copies of ...
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Mendel AND The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance_AP Bio
Mendel AND The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance_AP Bio

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BioSc 231 Exam 2 2005
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Skewed X-inactivation

Skewed X chromosome inactivation occurs when the inactivation of one X chromosome is favored over the other, leading to an uneven number of cells with each chromosome inactivated. It is usually defined as one allele being found on the active X chromosome in over 75% of cells, and extreme skewing is when over 90% of cells have inactivated the same X chromosome. It can be caused by primary nonrandom inactivation, either by chance due to a small cell pool or directed by genes, or caused by secondary nonrandom inactivation, which occurs by selection. Most females will have some levels of skewing. It is relatively common in adult females; around 35% of women have skewed ratio over 70:30, and 7% of women have an extreme skewed ratio of over 90:10. This is of medical significance due to the potential for the expression of disease genes present on the X chromosome that are normally not expressed due to random X inactivation. X chromosome inactivation occurs in females to provide dosage compensation between the sexes. If females kept both X chromosomes active they would have twice the number of active X genes than males, who only have one copy of the X chromosome. At approximately the time of implantation (see Implantation (human embryo), one of the two X chromosomes is randomly selected for inactivation. The cell undergoes transcriptional and epigenetic changes to ensure this inactivation is permanent. All progeny from these initial cells will maintain the inactivation of the same chromosome, resulting in a mosaic pattern of cells in females.
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