Chapter 12: Genetics and Health
... Gregor Mendel’s Pea Plants Gregor Mendel, an Augustinian monk, experimented with pea plants to show that ...
... Gregor Mendel’s Pea Plants Gregor Mendel, an Augustinian monk, experimented with pea plants to show that ...
THE CHROMOSOMAL BASIS OF INHERITANCE
... X-inactivation • Female mammals inherit 2 X chromosomes – one X becomes inactivated during embryonic development • condenses into compact object = Barr body • which X becomes Barr body is random – patchwork trait = “mosaic” ...
... X-inactivation • Female mammals inherit 2 X chromosomes – one X becomes inactivated during embryonic development • condenses into compact object = Barr body • which X becomes Barr body is random – patchwork trait = “mosaic” ...
Meiosis II
... A map unit is an arbitrary unit of measure used to describe the relative distances between linked genes. The number of map units between two genes or between a gene and the centromere is equal to the percentage of recombinants. Customary units cannot be used because we cannot directly visualize gene ...
... A map unit is an arbitrary unit of measure used to describe the relative distances between linked genes. The number of map units between two genes or between a gene and the centromere is equal to the percentage of recombinants. Customary units cannot be used because we cannot directly visualize gene ...
evolution, heredity, and behavior
... with new forms originating and others becoming extinct Evolutionary process is gradual and continual. New species arise through slow and steady environmental changes that gradually ‘perfect’ each species to its surroundings. Sudden, dramatic changes in environment challenges species ability to adapt ...
... with new forms originating and others becoming extinct Evolutionary process is gradual and continual. New species arise through slow and steady environmental changes that gradually ‘perfect’ each species to its surroundings. Sudden, dramatic changes in environment challenges species ability to adapt ...
Population Genetics
... Aim: What are population genetics and how do they affect evolution? I. Population Genetics – Genetics today is concerned with inheritance in large groups of sexually reproducing animals. The study of these organisms as a reproducing group is known as population genetics. A. Key Terms 1. Species – a ...
... Aim: What are population genetics and how do they affect evolution? I. Population Genetics – Genetics today is concerned with inheritance in large groups of sexually reproducing animals. The study of these organisms as a reproducing group is known as population genetics. A. Key Terms 1. Species – a ...
Overview of Genetic Organization and Scale - Beck-Shop
... Mitosis has evolved as a mechanism to distribute accurately a copy of each chromosome present in the original cell to two new cells. The “goal” of meiosis is quite different. Meiosis passes alternate (homologous) copies of each type of chromosome to daughter cells and reduces the total chromosome nu ...
... Mitosis has evolved as a mechanism to distribute accurately a copy of each chromosome present in the original cell to two new cells. The “goal” of meiosis is quite different. Meiosis passes alternate (homologous) copies of each type of chromosome to daughter cells and reduces the total chromosome nu ...
Meiosis and Fertilization
... Almost all the cells in your body were produced by mitosis. The only exceptions are the gametes – sperm or eggs – which are produced by a different type of cell division called meiosis. During fertilization the sperm and egg unite to form a single cell called the zygote which contains all the chromo ...
... Almost all the cells in your body were produced by mitosis. The only exceptions are the gametes – sperm or eggs – which are produced by a different type of cell division called meiosis. During fertilization the sperm and egg unite to form a single cell called the zygote which contains all the chromo ...
Variation
... population. (i.e. the struggle for survival) – especially for the young so that they die before the reproducing age – only strongest pass on genes. ...
... population. (i.e. the struggle for survival) – especially for the young so that they die before the reproducing age – only strongest pass on genes. ...
The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
... They are prolific breeders – a single mating will produce hundreds of offspring A new generation can be bred every two weeks They have only four chromosomes – easily distinguishable with a light microscope They have three pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes ...
... They are prolific breeders – a single mating will produce hundreds of offspring A new generation can be bred every two weeks They have only four chromosomes – easily distinguishable with a light microscope They have three pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes ...
sex linked genes - The Biology Corner
... Red-green colorblindness makes it difficult for the person to discern the two colors (test yourself!) If the parent is a male, the genotype is automatically known. A colorblind male has to be b, since he only has one allele and colorblindness is recessive. A normal male must then be B Females can be ...
... Red-green colorblindness makes it difficult for the person to discern the two colors (test yourself!) If the parent is a male, the genotype is automatically known. A colorblind male has to be b, since he only has one allele and colorblindness is recessive. A normal male must then be B Females can be ...
biology final study guide spring 2011 - 12
... 39. What is the name used to describe a cross between two varieties of a plant used in an attempt to create a new variety with traits from both parents? Like polyploid planting or hybridization, or selective breeding or cloning. 40. A population diverges and becomes reproductively isolated and the ...
... 39. What is the name used to describe a cross between two varieties of a plant used in an attempt to create a new variety with traits from both parents? Like polyploid planting or hybridization, or selective breeding or cloning. 40. A population diverges and becomes reproductively isolated and the ...
relates Mendel`s discoveries to actual behavior of chromosomes
... Thomas Hunt Morgan- first person to associate a specific gene with a specific chromosome by using a species of fruit flies (to take advantage of its ability to produce hundreds of offspring from one mating, and its having only four pairs of chromosomes) A. Wild Type- the normal phenotype for a chara ...
... Thomas Hunt Morgan- first person to associate a specific gene with a specific chromosome by using a species of fruit flies (to take advantage of its ability to produce hundreds of offspring from one mating, and its having only four pairs of chromosomes) A. Wild Type- the normal phenotype for a chara ...
2. Notes
... • In sympatric speciation, a reproductive barrier isolates a subset of a population without geographic separation from the parent species • Sympatric speciation can result from polyploidy, natural selection, or sexual selection ...
... • In sympatric speciation, a reproductive barrier isolates a subset of a population without geographic separation from the parent species • Sympatric speciation can result from polyploidy, natural selection, or sexual selection ...
chapter 15 chromosomal basis of inheritance
... XO – Turner syndrome, females of shorter stature and sterile without replacement hormones. 1 in every 5000 live births. Cri du chat – “Cry of the cat,” caused by deletion in chromosome 5. Mental retardation, small head, and a cry that sounds like a distressed cat’s mewing. Usu. die in infancy or ear ...
... XO – Turner syndrome, females of shorter stature and sterile without replacement hormones. 1 in every 5000 live births. Cri du chat – “Cry of the cat,” caused by deletion in chromosome 5. Mental retardation, small head, and a cry that sounds like a distressed cat’s mewing. Usu. die in infancy or ear ...
DNA and Gene Expression
... Homeotic genes are regulatory genes that determine where certain anatomical structures, such as appendages, will develop in an organism during morphogenesis. These seem to be the master genes of development ...
... Homeotic genes are regulatory genes that determine where certain anatomical structures, such as appendages, will develop in an organism during morphogenesis. These seem to be the master genes of development ...
Inheritance Intro
... division. This is why there are two types of cell division. Sex cells are produced by meiosis. In which organs does meiosis take place? ...
... division. This is why there are two types of cell division. Sex cells are produced by meiosis. In which organs does meiosis take place? ...
Slide 1 - Fort Bend ISD
... Try this one on your own Question: What is the probability that a homozygous (normal vision) female and a colorblind male will have a girl who is colorblind (b = colorblind, ...
... Try this one on your own Question: What is the probability that a homozygous (normal vision) female and a colorblind male will have a girl who is colorblind (b = colorblind, ...
Karyotypes and Karyotyping
... and organizing them according to the arrangement, number, size, shape, or other characteristics of the chromosomes. ...
... and organizing them according to the arrangement, number, size, shape, or other characteristics of the chromosomes. ...
Chapter 2 - CSUB Home Page
... 4. The two alleles for each character segregate (separate) during ...
... 4. The two alleles for each character segregate (separate) during ...
Word - Delaware Department of Education
... b. The puddle floods and the food source washes away to another part of the puddle. Describe one advantage EACH species has in this environment to allow survival and reproduction for several generations? ________________________________________________________________________ _______________________ ...
... b. The puddle floods and the food source washes away to another part of the puddle. Describe one advantage EACH species has in this environment to allow survival and reproduction for several generations? ________________________________________________________________________ _______________________ ...
Biology Answers Cr8 moderation
... For sexual reproduction in a mule to create a mule, the gametes would need to contain 31.5 chromosomes, to create a baby mule with 63 chromosomes which can clearly not occur (1) ...
... For sexual reproduction in a mule to create a mule, the gametes would need to contain 31.5 chromosomes, to create a baby mule with 63 chromosomes which can clearly not occur (1) ...
10.3 Gene pools and speciation
... ■ The genus Allium is compromised of monocotyldoenous flowering plants and includes onions, garlic, chives and leeks. ■ In many of these species polyploidy has occurred, resulting in reproductively isolated populations with distinct phenotypes. ...
... ■ The genus Allium is compromised of monocotyldoenous flowering plants and includes onions, garlic, chives and leeks. ■ In many of these species polyploidy has occurred, resulting in reproductively isolated populations with distinct phenotypes. ...
Polyploid
Polyploid cells and organisms are those containing more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes. Most species whose cells have nuclei (Eukaryotes) are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes—one set inherited from each parent. However, polyploidy is found in some organisms and is especially common in plants. In addition, polyploidy occurs in some tissues of animals that are otherwise diploid, such as human muscle tissues. This is known as endopolyploidy. Species whose cells do not have nuclei, that is, Prokaryotes, may be polyploid organisms, as seen in the large bacterium Epulopicium fishelsoni [1]. Hence ploidy is defined with respect to a cell. Most eukaryotes have diploid somatic cells, but produce haploid gametes (eggs and sperm) by meiosis. A monoploid has only one set of chromosomes, and the term is usually only applied to cells or organisms that are normally diploid. Male bees and other Hymenoptera, for example, are monoploid. Unlike animals, plants and multicellular algae have life cycles with two alternating multicellular generations. The gametophyte generation is haploid, and produces gametes by mitosis, the sporophyte generation is diploid and produces spores by meiosis.Polyploidy refers to a numerical change in a whole set of chromosomes. Organisms in which a particular chromosome, or chromosome segment, is under- or overrepresented are said to be aneuploid (from the Greek words meaning ""not"", ""good"", and ""fold""). Therefore the distinction between aneuploidy and polyploidy is that aneuploidy refers to a numerical change in part of the chromosome set, whereas polyploidy refers to a numerical change in the whole set of chromosomes.Polyploidy may occur due to abnormal cell division, either during mitosis, or commonly during metaphase I in meiosis.Polyploidy occurs in some animals, such as goldfish, salmon, and salamanders, but is especially common among ferns and flowering plants (see Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), including both wild and cultivated species. Wheat, for example, after millennia of hybridization and modification by humans, has strains that are diploid (two sets of chromosomes), tetraploid (four sets of chromosomes) with the common name of durum or macaroni wheat, and hexaploid (six sets of chromosomes) with the common name of bread wheat. Many agriculturally important plants of the genus Brassica are also tetraploids.Polyploidy can be induced in plants and cell cultures by some chemicals: the best known is colchicine, which can result in chromosome doubling, though its use may have other less obvious consequences as well. Oryzalin will also double the existing chromosome content.