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Inheritance Patterns and Human Genetics Review
Inheritance Patterns and Human Genetics Review

... How can crossing over between two alleles be used to map their location on chromosomes? (2 marks) The farther apart two alleles are on a chromosome, the more often they will be separated by crossing-over thus the more they will be appear in new combination What are point mutations? (3 marks) A point ...
File
File

... necessary. 1. In the first box below, show what your cell would look like at the end of meiosis I. Remember, the result will be two cells that have one duplicated chromosome from each horirologous pair. 2.In the second box, show what your cell would look like at the end of meiosis II. Remember, the ...
Document
Document

... B. the centromere region of a metaphase chromosome at which the DNA can bind with spindle proteins C. the array of vesicles that will form between two dividing nuclei and give rise to the metaphase plate D. the ring of actin microfilaments that will cause the appearance of the cleavage furrow E. the ...
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Types of chromosome abnormalities

... • Parents of a patient with a suspected chromosomal syndrome if there is a family history of similarly affected children. • Couples with a history of multiple spontaneous abortions of ...
Chromosomes
Chromosomes

... Insertions = addition of part of a chromosome  Deletions = loss of all or part of a chromosome  Duplications = extra copies of parts of a chromosomes  Inversions = reverse direction of parts of a chromosomes  Translocations = part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another ...
Chapter 6 - Lemon Bay High School
Chapter 6 - Lemon Bay High School

...  Addition, deletion, or rearrangement of individual genes ...
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2013-2014
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... change in number of individual chromosomes that can lead to chromosomal disorder (syndroms) caused by nondisjunction of chromososmes in meiosis: - homologous chromosomes fail to separate during anaphase I - sister chromatids fail to separate during anaphase II  monosomy (2n - 1)  trisomy (2n + 1 ...
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... This takes place only in testes and ovaries. It is a process when the number of chromosomes is halved and packaged up into gametes: eggs and sperm. The normal number of chromosomes is described as diploid; a double number. At the end of meiosis this number will be halved; haploid. Thus when fertilis ...
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Multiple Alleles and Polygenic Inheritance

... The human Y chromosome is much smaller and appears to contain only few genes. Father determines the sex of the offspring The chance is always 50-50 for either sex A recessive gene has no matching gene on the Y More Sex linked disorders are found in males ...
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Sex Linked Genes - Malibu High School

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Genetics Since Mendel

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BHS 116: Physiology Date: 10/16/12, 1st hour Notetaker: Stephanie
BHS 116: Physiology Date: 10/16/12, 1st hour Notetaker: Stephanie

... o Have it from one parent: triploidy o Have it from both parents (very rare): quadraploidy (4 copies) - Generally results in spontaneous abortion - Triploid o Accounts for 17% of all spontaneous abortions  Completely incompatible with life o Accounts for 3% of all stillbirths Aneuploidy - Having an ...
Mendelian Genetics
Mendelian Genetics

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AP Biology (An Introduction)
AP Biology (An Introduction)

...  Extra set(s) of chromosomes  Autopolyploidy  > 2n  Typically, nondisjunction (Meiosis) in Plants  All chromosomes from the same species  Example  Tetraploid (4n) + diploid (2n)  Produce triploid (3n) offspring which are sterile  But plant tetraploids can self fertilize or mate with other t ...
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Polyploid



Polyploid cells and organisms are those containing more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes. Most species whose cells have nuclei (Eukaryotes) are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes—one set inherited from each parent. However, polyploidy is found in some organisms and is especially common in plants. In addition, polyploidy occurs in some tissues of animals that are otherwise diploid, such as human muscle tissues. This is known as endopolyploidy. Species whose cells do not have nuclei, that is, Prokaryotes, may be polyploid organisms, as seen in the large bacterium Epulopicium fishelsoni [1]. Hence ploidy is defined with respect to a cell. Most eukaryotes have diploid somatic cells, but produce haploid gametes (eggs and sperm) by meiosis. A monoploid has only one set of chromosomes, and the term is usually only applied to cells or organisms that are normally diploid. Male bees and other Hymenoptera, for example, are monoploid. Unlike animals, plants and multicellular algae have life cycles with two alternating multicellular generations. The gametophyte generation is haploid, and produces gametes by mitosis, the sporophyte generation is diploid and produces spores by meiosis.Polyploidy refers to a numerical change in a whole set of chromosomes. Organisms in which a particular chromosome, or chromosome segment, is under- or overrepresented are said to be aneuploid (from the Greek words meaning ""not"", ""good"", and ""fold""). Therefore the distinction between aneuploidy and polyploidy is that aneuploidy refers to a numerical change in part of the chromosome set, whereas polyploidy refers to a numerical change in the whole set of chromosomes.Polyploidy may occur due to abnormal cell division, either during mitosis, or commonly during metaphase I in meiosis.Polyploidy occurs in some animals, such as goldfish, salmon, and salamanders, but is especially common among ferns and flowering plants (see Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), including both wild and cultivated species. Wheat, for example, after millennia of hybridization and modification by humans, has strains that are diploid (two sets of chromosomes), tetraploid (four sets of chromosomes) with the common name of durum or macaroni wheat, and hexaploid (six sets of chromosomes) with the common name of bread wheat. Many agriculturally important plants of the genus Brassica are also tetraploids.Polyploidy can be induced in plants and cell cultures by some chemicals: the best known is colchicine, which can result in chromosome doubling, though its use may have other less obvious consequences as well. Oryzalin will also double the existing chromosome content.
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