• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Standard Grade Biology – Investigating Cells
Standard Grade Biology – Investigating Cells

... I understand that respiration is an enzyme controlled process that occurs in all living cells. I can complete an investigation into respiration rates of yeast using resazurin (varying respiratory substrate) I can give the word equations for anaerobic respiration in yeast & animal cells. I understand ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... shortcuts to mapping  Deletions are particularly useful  Principle: a deletion heterozygote with a single copy of the mutant allele should express the phenotype if the gene maps within the deletion complex ...
Emphasis mine – fdu. ↓ Genes lie on
Emphasis mine – fdu. ↓ Genes lie on

... work and precise, careful detailing of new species of marine life. This training was a factor in her success with later investigations of chromosomal behavior. After Stanford, Stevens went to Bryn Mawr College for more graduate work. Thomas Hunt Morgan was still teaching at Bryn Mawr, and was one of ...
Bio07_TR__U04_CH11.QXD
Bio07_TR__U04_CH11.QXD

... Date _______________ ...
File
File

... determined by genes. (2) Where there are two or more forms (alleles) of the gene for a single trait, some forms of the gene may be dominant and others recessive. (3) In most sexually reproducing organisms, each adult has two copies of each gene, one from each parent. These genes are segregated when ...
Mutations
Mutations

... • May occur in gametes during meiosis (eggs & sperm) and be passed to offspring ...
CHAPTER 27
CHAPTER 27

... similar total genetic complement of DNA. Therefore, interspecies F1 hybrids are frequently viable. However, due to changes in the arrangement of the genetic material within the chromosomes, the F1 offspring may not be fertile. For example, the two species may have different numbers and types of chro ...
Human Genetics Lec 4
Human Genetics Lec 4

... produce the ribosome, which is then transported into the cytoplasm. On reaching the cytoplasm, most ribosomes become attached to the endoplasmic reticulum and begin the task of protein synthesis. Proteins are made from a standard set of amino acids, which are joined end to end to form the long polyp ...
Basic Concepts in Genetics
Basic Concepts in Genetics

... • Hemophilia-illness that impair the body's ability to control bleeding. • Fragile X syndrome - is a genetic condition that causes a range of developmental problems including learning disabilities and mental retardation. Usually males are more severely affected by this disorder than females. In addi ...
Meiosis I
Meiosis I

... less closely related individuals of the same species. • The transmission of traits from one generation to the next is called heredity or inheritance. • However, offspring differ somewhat from parents and siblings, demonstrating variation. • Genetics is the study of heredity and variation. Copyright ...
The Major Lineages of Life
The Major Lineages of Life

... group, domain, down to most specific, species – domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species ...
HERITABLE VARIATION AND PATTERNS OF INHERITANCE
HERITABLE VARIATION AND PATTERNS OF INHERITANCE

... Individuals who have the recessive allele but appear normal are carriers of the disorder. ...
Document
Document

... 12. Short DNA segments that are created during replication of the lagging strand of DNA are called _Okazaki fragments___. 13. Along a eukaryotic chromosome, highly condensed chromosome regions are called ___heterochromatin______. 14. RNA splicing in eukaryotes consists of removing __introns_____ fro ...
Meiosis in Animals - Exercise 13
Meiosis in Animals - Exercise 13

... constant within members of a species from generation to generation, there must be a reduction of chromosomes number in each generation to offset the increase at fertilization. In a normal somatic cell of an organism, there are actually two complete sets of chromosomes. For each chromosome, there is ...
View PDF
View PDF

... 5. use of purebred plants; used self-pollinating, purebred pea plants 6. studied “either-or” traits; looked at traits that did not have intermediate characteristics such as pea shape, pea color, flower color, pod shape, pod color, flower position, and plant height 7. Pea plants reproduce quickly, an ...
Zebrafish Jeopardy
Zebrafish Jeopardy

... Home ...
Biology Competency Exam Review Questions
Biology Competency Exam Review Questions

... B. Cooler temperatures cause more enzyme production. C. The enzyme is active in a specific temperature range. D. Heat allows the enzyme to break down white pigment. 29. Himalayan rabbits are white with black fur on their ears and the tips of their feet. If an icepack is placed on a rabbit’s back, th ...
dual color, break apart rearrangement probe
dual color, break apart rearrangement probe

... antibody against CD99 antigen. ...
Biology Competency Exam Review Questions
Biology Competency Exam Review Questions

... B. Cooler temperatures cause more enzyme production. C. The enzyme is active in a specific temperature range. D. Heat allows the enzyme to break down white pigment. 29. Himalayan rabbits are white with black fur on their ears and the tips of their feet. If an icepack is placed on a rabbit’s back, th ...
Document
Document

... 3,4 non-male transmission deficient (due to genetic constitution) ...
c. genes - San Pedro Senior High
c. genes - San Pedro Senior High

... gene, one from each parent 2). Organisms donate only one copy of each gene in their gametes (two copies of each gene segregate, or separate, during gamete formation ...
Meiosis - Lynn English Faculty Pages
Meiosis - Lynn English Faculty Pages

... gene, one from each parent 2). Organisms donate only one copy of each gene in their gametes (two copies of each gene segregate, or separate, during gamete formation ...
Cells, Development, Chromosomes
Cells, Development, Chromosomes

... • A mosaic is an organism which is derived from a single fertilization but which contains cells with two or more different chromosome compositions. • Caused by problems in mitosis in the embryo: non-disjunction, anaphase lag, abnormal replication of a chromosome. – Can occur at any stage in developm ...
Designer Genes - Heredity
Designer Genes - Heredity

... chromosomes (esp. X) Y-chromosome shorter – some genes from X missing X-linked traits more common in men Men get X-chromosome from mom Red-green colorblindness, hemophilia ...
Mendelian Genetics II: Probability
Mendelian Genetics II: Probability

... two dice? (1 and 1) – Chance of rolling 1 with first die = 1/6 – Chance of rolling 1 with second die = 1/6 – Chance of rolling two 1’s = 1/6 X 1/6 = 1/36 • We used product law when calculating probabilities by the forked-line method. ...
< 1 ... 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 ... 586 >

Polyploid



Polyploid cells and organisms are those containing more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes. Most species whose cells have nuclei (Eukaryotes) are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes—one set inherited from each parent. However, polyploidy is found in some organisms and is especially common in plants. In addition, polyploidy occurs in some tissues of animals that are otherwise diploid, such as human muscle tissues. This is known as endopolyploidy. Species whose cells do not have nuclei, that is, Prokaryotes, may be polyploid organisms, as seen in the large bacterium Epulopicium fishelsoni [1]. Hence ploidy is defined with respect to a cell. Most eukaryotes have diploid somatic cells, but produce haploid gametes (eggs and sperm) by meiosis. A monoploid has only one set of chromosomes, and the term is usually only applied to cells or organisms that are normally diploid. Male bees and other Hymenoptera, for example, are monoploid. Unlike animals, plants and multicellular algae have life cycles with two alternating multicellular generations. The gametophyte generation is haploid, and produces gametes by mitosis, the sporophyte generation is diploid and produces spores by meiosis.Polyploidy refers to a numerical change in a whole set of chromosomes. Organisms in which a particular chromosome, or chromosome segment, is under- or overrepresented are said to be aneuploid (from the Greek words meaning ""not"", ""good"", and ""fold""). Therefore the distinction between aneuploidy and polyploidy is that aneuploidy refers to a numerical change in part of the chromosome set, whereas polyploidy refers to a numerical change in the whole set of chromosomes.Polyploidy may occur due to abnormal cell division, either during mitosis, or commonly during metaphase I in meiosis.Polyploidy occurs in some animals, such as goldfish, salmon, and salamanders, but is especially common among ferns and flowering plants (see Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), including both wild and cultivated species. Wheat, for example, after millennia of hybridization and modification by humans, has strains that are diploid (two sets of chromosomes), tetraploid (four sets of chromosomes) with the common name of durum or macaroni wheat, and hexaploid (six sets of chromosomes) with the common name of bread wheat. Many agriculturally important plants of the genus Brassica are also tetraploids.Polyploidy can be induced in plants and cell cultures by some chemicals: the best known is colchicine, which can result in chromosome doubling, though its use may have other less obvious consequences as well. Oryzalin will also double the existing chromosome content.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report