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Cell - David Page Lab
Cell - David Page Lab

... sequence in the palindromes of both humans and chimpanzees suggests that gene conversion must be frequent enough to erase new mutations almost as quickly as they occur. Using a mutation rate of 1 ⫻ 10⫺9 substitutions per nucleotide per year, the authors calculate that on average “600 duplicated nucl ...
DOC
DOC

... ____ 11. Refer to the illustration above. The device shown, which is used to determine the probable outcome of genetic crosses, is called a a. Mendelian box. c. genetic graph. b. Punnett square. d. phenotypic paradox. ____ 12. Refer to the illustration above. Both of the parents in the cross are a. ...
Spring Semester Exam Study Guide- Biology 2016 Complete this
Spring Semester Exam Study Guide- Biology 2016 Complete this

... b) Construct a Punnett square for the offspring of the cross in part (a). complete a dihybrid cross step 1- FOIL both parents to determine the gametes step 2- place the gamete pairs on the 4x4 box (16 box square) step 3- combine like terms into the boxes (they will contain a combo of 4 letters) 50. ...
speciation as a process
speciation as a process

... **What approaches are used to understand the genetic basis of reproductive isolation (RI)? **How many gene loci contribute to RI? Do they have major or minor effects on fertility? **What has fine scale genetic mapping of RI factors shown that was not known previously? **Where are the loci causing RI ...
Unit 3 - kehsscience.org
Unit 3 - kehsscience.org

... Your genome has about 25,000 genes, so there are many genes on each chromosome. Each chromosome you got from your mother “matches” up with a chromosome that you got from your father…..so it is the “combination of instructions” that you received in those 23 pairs of chromosomes that makes you unique. ...
Chapter 10 Genetics: Mendel and Beyond
Chapter 10 Genetics: Mendel and Beyond

...  Protein coded for by info in DNA  Alleles are IA and IB  There are six genotypes and four phenotypes  This is ABO only, we will discuss Rh factor  This one always gets me into trouble  Chalk talk time on ABO and Rh typing ...
chapter 3 transmission genetics – chromosomes, recombination and
chapter 3 transmission genetics – chromosomes, recombination and

... dd), whereas those with a different allele on each homologous chromosome are heterozygous (e.g. Dd). Mendel further hypothesized that one unit factor (i.e. allele) is dominant to the other recessive factor (i.e. the dominant allele masks the effect of the recessive allele), based on the phenotypes h ...
Genetics
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A pedigree is a chart that shows how a trait and the genes that
A pedigree is a chart that shows how a trait and the genes that

... • Parents and offspring often share observable traits. ...
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File - Coach Rau Science I

... 6. Define gametes (sex-cells). Give examples of the male/female gametes for both plants and animals. Gametes are the sex cell- sperm and egg. Animals have sperm (male) and ovum (female). Plants have pollen (sperm) and ovum (egg). Sexual reproduction happens when the two sex cells fuse together (fusi ...
548475Review_guide_ch_5
548475Review_guide_ch_5

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symposium paper - Matthew Herron
symposium paper - Matthew Herron

... The model could be extended to capture stochastic effects as well as to consider quantitative traits, pleiotropic effects within a phase, and development. In addition, the model could be extended from the simple alternation of generations I have considered to include complications such as clonal pro ...
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Document

... 1. Neither allele for a trait is dominant. 2. The phenotype produced is intermediate between the two homozygous parents. B. Multiple Alleles 1. More than two alleles are multiple alleles. 2. Traits controlled by multiple alleles produce more than three phenotypes. C. Polygenic inheritance 1. A group ...
Chapter 13
Chapter 13

... Chapter 13 Mendel did not examine plant height and pod shape in his dihybrid crosses. The genes for these traits are very close together on the same chromosome. How would this have changed Mendel’s results? (Page 242) Answer: There would probably be very little if any recombination so the expected a ...
Microsoft Word 97
Microsoft Word 97

... Genes responsible for alternate expressions of one particular trait are known as ***. ____ ____ ____ ____ ...
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Sex bias in gene expression is not the same as dosage

... ‘genes with low (female-biased) M:F ratios were compensated’. Clearly, this is contrary to how we think DC should be understood. Organisms have evolved intricate regulatory mechanisms for controlling gene expression in order to reach phenotypic optima under varying environmental conditions. As a spe ...
Chapter 2 Evolution, Genetics, and Experience
Chapter 2 Evolution, Genetics, and Experience

... song sung by older adults – even though they cannot sing at this point • If they do not hear the song of their species during the critical developmental period after birth they typically do not acquire the song * If they acquire a song it is usually abnormal ...
Dragon Genetics
Dragon Genetics

... activities can be used to reinforce the test cross concept. Teaching Points ...
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Lesson Overview

... randomly switched off, forming a dense region in the nucleus known as a Barr body. ...
FREE Sample Here
FREE Sample Here

... 28. During gamete formation, the 23 pairs of human chromosomes independently assort, creating gametes that are genetically different. For example, one gamete may have 10 paternally derived chromosomes and 13 maternally derived chromosomes. Another may have 8 paternally derived chromosomes and 15 mat ...
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... BUT…… • Genes that are located close to each other on the same chromosome are linked and usually travel (segregate) together during meiosis (not independently=dependently). Genes linkage • Makes an exception to Mendel’s law of independent assortment. • Linkage ≠ independent assortment ...
Presentation
Presentation

... c) Mutations (can be harmful or beneficial) d) Some mutations may at first appear harmful, but give an advantage if the environment changes. -- this is referred to as RELATIVE FITNESS ...
chapter # 7 > genetics of organisms
chapter # 7 > genetics of organisms

... MENDEL PROVED THAT HE COULD DEMONSTRATE THAT THE TRAITS OF SUCCESSIVE GENERATIONS WERE INHERITED IN CERTAIN ________________________ ______________ ...
chapter 9 test bank
chapter 9 test bank

... usually cause the death of the embryo. C) Most individuals carrying a lethal dominant allele have the disorder and die before they reproduce, whereas individuals carrying a lethal recessive allele are more likely to be healthy and reproduce. D) The presence of a lethal dominant allele causes sterili ...
Spring Semester Test Review KEY
Spring Semester Test Review KEY

... b) Construct a Punnett square for the offspring of the cross in part (a). complete a dihybrid cross step 1- FOIL both parents to determine the gametes step 2- place the gamete pairs on the 4x4 box (16 box square) step 3- combine like terms into the boxes (they will contain a combo of 4 letters) 50. ...
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Polyploid



Polyploid cells and organisms are those containing more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes. Most species whose cells have nuclei (Eukaryotes) are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes—one set inherited from each parent. However, polyploidy is found in some organisms and is especially common in plants. In addition, polyploidy occurs in some tissues of animals that are otherwise diploid, such as human muscle tissues. This is known as endopolyploidy. Species whose cells do not have nuclei, that is, Prokaryotes, may be polyploid organisms, as seen in the large bacterium Epulopicium fishelsoni [1]. Hence ploidy is defined with respect to a cell. Most eukaryotes have diploid somatic cells, but produce haploid gametes (eggs and sperm) by meiosis. A monoploid has only one set of chromosomes, and the term is usually only applied to cells or organisms that are normally diploid. Male bees and other Hymenoptera, for example, are monoploid. Unlike animals, plants and multicellular algae have life cycles with two alternating multicellular generations. The gametophyte generation is haploid, and produces gametes by mitosis, the sporophyte generation is diploid and produces spores by meiosis.Polyploidy refers to a numerical change in a whole set of chromosomes. Organisms in which a particular chromosome, or chromosome segment, is under- or overrepresented are said to be aneuploid (from the Greek words meaning ""not"", ""good"", and ""fold""). Therefore the distinction between aneuploidy and polyploidy is that aneuploidy refers to a numerical change in part of the chromosome set, whereas polyploidy refers to a numerical change in the whole set of chromosomes.Polyploidy may occur due to abnormal cell division, either during mitosis, or commonly during metaphase I in meiosis.Polyploidy occurs in some animals, such as goldfish, salmon, and salamanders, but is especially common among ferns and flowering plants (see Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), including both wild and cultivated species. Wheat, for example, after millennia of hybridization and modification by humans, has strains that are diploid (two sets of chromosomes), tetraploid (four sets of chromosomes) with the common name of durum or macaroni wheat, and hexaploid (six sets of chromosomes) with the common name of bread wheat. Many agriculturally important plants of the genus Brassica are also tetraploids.Polyploidy can be induced in plants and cell cultures by some chemicals: the best known is colchicine, which can result in chromosome doubling, though its use may have other less obvious consequences as well. Oryzalin will also double the existing chromosome content.
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