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A System for Efficient Neural Stimulation with Energy Recovery Shawn Kevin Kelly
A System for Efficient Neural Stimulation with Energy Recovery Shawn Kevin Kelly

... prosthesis for restoring some useful vision to patients blinded by retinal degeneration. Such a prosthesis would receive image data from an external camera and electrically stimulate surviving ganglion nerve cells. However, power consumption for this type of implant is dominated by the tissue and el ...
MAX19791 50MHz to 4000MHz Dual Analog Voltage Variable
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... can be cascaded together to yield 46dB of total attenuation range with a typical combined linear control slope of 16dB/ V (5V operation). ...
BDTIC www.BDTIC.com/infineon Distribution Training „Going for a
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... BDTIC  Has to run at low battery voltages 5,5V and below  100 to 250W ...
Efficiency of Buck Converter : Power Management
Efficiency of Buck Converter : Power Management

... estimated from the output current, on-resistance, and on-duty cycle. As the high-side MOSFET is OFF and the low-side MOSFET is ON in the B section, the conduction loss of the low-side MOSFET can be estimated from the output current, on-resistance, and off-duty cycle. ...
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MARK - Specialty Concepts

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... Note 2: VOS is defined as the center of the hysteresis band at the input. Note 3: The hysteresis-related trip points are defined as the edges of the hysteresis band, measured with respect to the center of the band (i.e., VOS) (Figure 2). Note 4: Specified with an input overdrive (VOVERDRIVE) of 100m ...
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Aalborg Universitet Harmonic Mitigation in Kilowatt-Scale Single-Phase Inverters
Aalborg Universitet Harmonic Mitigation in Kilowatt-Scale Single-Phase Inverters

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Pdf - Text of NPTEL IIT Video Lectures

... that will be together flowing. That is summation of this collector and base current is equal to the emitter current. If we want to find out the collector current then we must first find out base current and then we will multiply it by beta. What is the base current? In order to know the base current ...
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... suited for anatomical imaging. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FMRI) – a special type of MR scan – provides functional information by measuring the change in blood flow. This is done without radiation exposure but with poor temporal resolution. PET is based on the emission of positrons and th ...
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... obtained for the floated antenna. Figure 2(b) shows the plasma potential and electron temperature of the plasmas measured for the condition shown in Figure 2(a). As shown in the figure, the plasma potential is generally decreased with the increase in RF power for both the grounded antenna and the fl ...
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... part of the Analog Devices, Inc., SoftCell® transceiver chipset. The AD6645 maintains 100 dB multitone, spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) through the second Nyquist band. This breakthrough performance eases the burden placed on multimode digital receivers (software radios) that are typically limite ...
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investigation of numerical technique to evaluate frequency response
investigation of numerical technique to evaluate frequency response

... Power and distribution transformers are expensive and important units in electric power networks. Majority of dielectric and mechanical failures in transformers are due to mechanical displacements in the winding structure. Detection of these winding displacements in advance of a dielectric failure c ...
Owner`s Manual
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Aalborg Universitet Grid-Current-Feedback Active Damping for LCL Resonance in Grid-Connected Voltage-
Aalborg Universitet Grid-Current-Feedback Active Damping for LCL Resonance in Grid-Connected Voltage-

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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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