Electric Safety - University of Washington
... • During a weather storm, an atmospheric discharge hits a lightning pole. The pole is grounded through a hemisphere, and the maximum lightning current through the pole is 20,000A. – A person is playing golf 30 meters away from the center of the hemisphere. The distance between his feet is 0.3m, and ...
... • During a weather storm, an atmospheric discharge hits a lightning pole. The pole is grounded through a hemisphere, and the maximum lightning current through the pole is 20,000A. – A person is playing golf 30 meters away from the center of the hemisphere. The distance between his feet is 0.3m, and ...
Digital Oscilloscope
... the Y deflection of the spot varies continuously as it is swept continuously in the Xdirection at a constant rate fixed by the timebase. However, in the case of a digital scope the voltage is only measured at discrete time intervals. For this scope the record length (i.e. the number of data points) ...
... the Y deflection of the spot varies continuously as it is swept continuously in the Xdirection at a constant rate fixed by the timebase. However, in the case of a digital scope the voltage is only measured at discrete time intervals. For this scope the record length (i.e. the number of data points) ...
ST06 – Electron flow - current, resistance, and elementary circuit
... – a linear dependency between voltage and current: increasing the voltage across the element in equal steps, will cause increase of current through the element in equal steps, and vice versa, given by Ohms Law U I R ...
... – a linear dependency between voltage and current: increasing the voltage across the element in equal steps, will cause increase of current through the element in equal steps, and vice versa, given by Ohms Law U I R ...
MAX5544 Low-Cost, +5V, Serial-Input, Voltage-Output, 14-Bit DAC General Description
... Reference and Analog Ground Inputs The MAX5544 operates with external voltage references from 2V to 3V, and maintains 14-bit performance with proper reference selection and application. Ideally, the reference’s temperature coefficient should be less than 1.5ppm/°C to maintain 14-bit accuracy to with ...
... Reference and Analog Ground Inputs The MAX5544 operates with external voltage references from 2V to 3V, and maintains 14-bit performance with proper reference selection and application. Ideally, the reference’s temperature coefficient should be less than 1.5ppm/°C to maintain 14-bit accuracy to with ...
NL1036_NL7171
... Heat Conditioning - Before applying voltage, heat anode stud to 100-1250C (keeping cathode near room temperature) for two hours minimum. This drives mercury away from anode and anode seal area. Voltage Conditioning (after Heat Conditioning) - Apply 110% of operating voltage (preferably DCV) or up to ...
... Heat Conditioning - Before applying voltage, heat anode stud to 100-1250C (keeping cathode near room temperature) for two hours minimum. This drives mercury away from anode and anode seal area. Voltage Conditioning (after Heat Conditioning) - Apply 110% of operating voltage (preferably DCV) or up to ...
S4000
... electronic and use solid state components. Electromechanical alternatives are not approved. Tone selection shall be by durable dip switch assembly and not clips or jumpers. The audible and the strobe shall be able to operate from a single NAC circuit while producing any of these tones. The appliance ...
... electronic and use solid state components. Electromechanical alternatives are not approved. Tone selection shall be by durable dip switch assembly and not clips or jumpers. The audible and the strobe shall be able to operate from a single NAC circuit while producing any of these tones. The appliance ...
High-/Mixed-Voltage RF and Analog CMOS Circuits Come of Age
... age. An elevated VDD, or a hybrid use of I/O and core VDD’s, in conjunction with thin‐ and thick‐oxide MOS transistors open up many possibilities in defining circuit topologies, while maintaining the speed and area benefits of advanced processes without degrading t ...
... age. An elevated VDD, or a hybrid use of I/O and core VDD’s, in conjunction with thin‐ and thick‐oxide MOS transistors open up many possibilities in defining circuit topologies, while maintaining the speed and area benefits of advanced processes without degrading t ...
High-Frequency Link: A Solution for Using Only One DC Source in
... as the large number of active semiconductors, transformers, and isolated dc supplies that must be balanced. Moreover, as any multilevel inverter, the CHB inverter reduces the power quality (number of levels) with the voltage amplitude [9]. Asymmetrical CHB (ACHB) inverter uses dc supplies with diffe ...
... as the large number of active semiconductors, transformers, and isolated dc supplies that must be balanced. Moreover, as any multilevel inverter, the CHB inverter reduces the power quality (number of levels) with the voltage amplitude [9]. Asymmetrical CHB (ACHB) inverter uses dc supplies with diffe ...
Evaluates: MAX109 MAX109 Evaluation Kit General Description Features
... Reference Voltage The MAX109 requires an input reference voltage at its REFIN pin to set the full-scale analog signal range for the data converter. The ADC features an on-chip 2.5V precision bandgap reference that can be used for this purpose and is available at the REFOUT pin. Install a shunt on ju ...
... Reference Voltage The MAX109 requires an input reference voltage at its REFIN pin to set the full-scale analog signal range for the data converter. The ADC features an on-chip 2.5V precision bandgap reference that can be used for this purpose and is available at the REFOUT pin. Install a shunt on ju ...
Shunt reactor switching transients at high compensation levels
... Equation 1 consist of two parts, the first is the forced response which is due to the driving AC source, the second part consisting of the exponential term is defined as the natural response of the circuit. This term is the transient term that exists to compensate for the effect that the current thr ...
... Equation 1 consist of two parts, the first is the forced response which is due to the driving AC source, the second part consisting of the exponential term is defined as the natural response of the circuit. This term is the transient term that exists to compensate for the effect that the current thr ...
2nd Year 1st Term Lecture Material_01
... circuit. We should consider the three frequency conditions (a) fin = fr , (b) fin < fr , and (c) fin > fr (a) When fin = fr: • At fr, the parallel circuit offers a very high impedance, i.e., act as open circuit. • All the ac collector current flows through RL. • So, voltage drop across RL is maximum ...
... circuit. We should consider the three frequency conditions (a) fin = fr , (b) fin < fr , and (c) fin > fr (a) When fin = fr: • At fr, the parallel circuit offers a very high impedance, i.e., act as open circuit. • All the ac collector current flows through RL. • So, voltage drop across RL is maximum ...
Resistive opto-isolator
Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.