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- UC San Diego
- UC San Diego

Data Sheet - ROHM Semiconductor
Data Sheet - ROHM Semiconductor

IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)

... Figure 4. Equivalent Circuit Model of a Lossy Transmission Line The U Element used in Star-Hspice is the equivalent circuit model for the lossy transmission line. In a transient simulation, the U Element automatically accounts for frequency-dependent characteristic impedance, dispersion (frequency d ...
min i mum drop out volt age on a se rial pnp tran sis tor
min i mum drop out volt age on a se rial pnp tran sis tor

MAX3264
MAX3264

... General Description The 1.25Gbps MAX3264/MAX3268/MAX3768 and the 2.5Gbps MAX3265/MAX3269/MAX3765 limiting amplifiers are designed for Gigabit Ethernet and Fibre Channel optical receiver systems. The amplifiers accept a wide range of input voltages and provide constantlevel output voltages with contr ...
Lecture 13
Lecture 13

... • Any time-varying signal can be expressed as a sum of sinusoids of various frequencies (and phases).  Applying the principle of superposition: – The current or voltage response in a linear circuit due to a time-varying input signal can be calculated as the sum of the sinusoidal responses for each ...
Speed Control of Induction Machines
Speed Control of Induction Machines

... constant which implies that voltage must be reduced along with frequency. The ratio is held constant in order to maintain the flux level for maximum torque capability. Actually, it is the voltage across the magnetizing branch of the exact equivalent circuit that must be maintained constant, for it i ...
ADuM1100 数据手册DataSheet下载
ADuM1100 数据手册DataSheet下载

... Changes to VDE 0884 Insulation Characteristics.........................6 Changes to Absolute Maximum Ratings........................................7 Changes to Package Branding..........................................................8 Updated TPC 3 to TPC 8......................................... ...
Application Note 149 January 2015 Modeling and Loop Compensation Design of
Application Note 149 January 2015 Modeling and Loop Compensation Design of

... design, the LTpowerCAD design tool has been developed. This tool makes loop compensation design a much simpler task. LTpowerCAD is a free-download design tool available at www.linear.com/LTpowerCAD. It helps users to select a power solution, design power stage components, and optimize supply efficie ...
Chapter 27. Circuits - People Server at UNCW
Chapter 27. Circuits - People Server at UNCW

... carriers move from a region of low electric potential and thus low electric potential energy. This motion is just the opposite of what the electric field between the terminals would cause the charge carriers to do. • there must be some source of energy within the device, enabling it to do work on th ...
Current sensor BT21i - CMA
Current sensor BT21i - CMA

... sensing element is a 0.04  resistor (2 W) connected between the red and black terminals. As the current passes through the resistor, a small potential difference can be measured across this resistor. This potential difference goes through a signal amplifier and the output of the sensor is adjusted ...
TPS2375-77 - Texas Instruments
TPS2375-77 - Texas Instruments

... RTN: This pin provides the switched negative power rail used by the downstream circuits. The operational and inrush current limit control current into the pin. The PG circuit monitors the RTN voltage and also uses it as the return for the PG pin pulldown transistor. The internal MOSFET body diode cl ...
High efficiency step-down controller with embedded 2 A LDO regulator
High efficiency step-down controller with embedded 2 A LDO regulator

Design of an Arduino based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT
Design of an Arduino based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT

... One of the most important sources of renewable energy nowadays which have caught the attention of many is the ‘Solar Energy’ and it is through harnessing this energy that we are meeting some of our energy demands. It is a known fact nowadays that non-renewable resources such as coal, oil and other s ...
Experiment 2
Experiment 2

TPS62290 数据资料 dataSheet 下载
TPS62290 数据资料 dataSheet 下载

... The TPS6229x step down converter operates with typically 2.25-MHz fixed frequency pulse width modulation (PWM) at moderate to heavy load currents. At light load currents, the converter can automatically enter Power Save Mode and operates then in PFM mode. During PWM operation, the converter use a un ...
Resistors in Microwave Applications
Resistors in Microwave Applications

MAX8713 Simplified Multichemistry SMBus Battery Charger General Description
MAX8713 Simplified Multichemistry SMBus Battery Charger General Description

... detected a timeout condition must reset the communication no later than tTIMEOUT:MAX of 35ms. The maximum value specified must be adhered to by both a master and a slave as it incorporates the cumulative stretch limit for both a master (10ms) and a slave (25ms). Note 2: tLOW:SEXT is the cumulative t ...
ZRC250
ZRC250

... processing allows the reference to withstand transient effects and currents up to 200mA. Superior switching capability allows the device to reach stable operating conditions in only a few microseconds. ...
General Guidance Notes on the Use of Vacuum Tubes
General Guidance Notes on the Use of Vacuum Tubes

... drop would indicate that the filament was breaking up and transit damage had occurred. Drops of 1% should give cause for concern. The remaining problems with tubes after initial testing are storage and checking the tube after a period. Here we used to recommend that the tube be run in the equipment ...
EC2205
EC2205

... CE, CB and CC amplifiers - Method of drawing small-signal equivalent circuit - Midband analysis of various types of single stage amplifiers to obtain gain, input impedance and output impedance - Miller’s theorem - Comparison of CB, CE and CC amplifiers and their uses - Methods of increasing input im ...
1 .8 Differentiating EMC ferrite ↔ inductor
1 .8 Differentiating EMC ferrite ↔ inductor

... Fig. 1.38: Different winding structures Coupling capacitance You can picture the coupling capacitance between the two windings as plate capacitor between the two windings. From this it follows that you can reduce this capacitance either by increasing the distance or reducing the surface. Both direc ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

AN149 Modeling and Loop Compensation Design of Switching
AN149 Modeling and Loop Compensation Design of Switching

... design, the LTpowerCAD design tool has been developed. This tool makes loop compensation design a much simpler task. LTpowerCAD is a free-download design tool available at www.linear.com/LTpowerCAD. It helps users to select a power solution, design power stage components, and optimize supply efficie ...
MT-088 TUTORIAL  Analog Switches and Multiplexers Basics
MT-088 TUTORIAL Analog Switches and Multiplexers Basics

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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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