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AD8346 0.8 GHz to 2.5 GHz Quadrature Modulator Data Sheet (Rev
AD8346 0.8 GHz to 2.5 GHz Quadrature Modulator Data Sheet (Rev

... This quadrature modulator can be used as the transmit modulator in digital systems such as PCS, DCS, GSM, CDMA, and ISM transceivers. The baseband quadrature inputs are directly modulated by the LO signal to produce various QPSK and QAM formats at the RF output. Additionally, this quadrature modulat ...
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... The LTC®4006 is a complete constant-current/constantvoltage charger controller for 2-, 3- or 4-cell lithium batteries in a small package using few external components. The PWM controller is a synchronous, quasi-constant frequency, constant off-time architecture that will not generate audible noise e ...
ANT-916-JJB-HT-x Data Sheet
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... What is VSWR? The Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) is a measurement of how well an antenna is matched to a source impedance, typically 50-ohms. It is calculated by measuring the voltage wave that is headed toward the load versus the voltage wave that is reflected back from the load. A perfect matc ...
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300V PT IGBT Technology
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... 1. Eoff versus VCE(on), or on resistance 2. Wider distribution VCE(on) 3. Increased leakage current at high temperature, which is the reason PT IGBTs are not rated above 150 C. More aggressive lifetime control decreases Eoff but increases VCE(on) at a given current. For any given IGBT design, the E ...
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... 4. When one bulb is removed, record what happens to the brightness and the voltage across of the remaining two bulbs. Part 2: Using the oscilloscope 1. Connect the function generator to the oscilloscope by connecting the red output to red input on the oscilloscope and black out put to black input. 2 ...
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... Voltage gain can be determined either if Vout and Vin are known or if Rf and Rin are known. ii. The ‘-‘ sign in the formula indicates the inverting action of this amplifier, so for a positive input voltage, the output will be negative, and vice versa. iii. The input impedance of this amplifier is eq ...
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... provider (DNSP) may require them to be enabled as part of connection conditions. Fixed Power factor mode If this mode is enabled, then the inverter will be required to operate between the range of 0.8 leading to 0.8 lagging and no lesser. When the inverter power output changes, the inverter will var ...
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... evaluation is tan delta. This test uses AC and pursues to know loss angle of the tested element. This measurement technique is off-line measurement and includes information of the moisture, carbonization, and other forms of contamination of winding, bushing, and liquid insulation in Instrument trans ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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