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PTC Thermistor Engineering Notes - Digi
PTC Thermistor Engineering Notes - Digi

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115C and 117C

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Keysight Technologies Sheet Resistance/Resistivity Measurement

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... environment a ceramic capacitor must be placed between VCIN and CGND close to the pins. VDRV also needs to be decoupled using a ceramic capacitor (MLCC) between VDRV and PGND in close proximity to the pins. PGND serves as reference for the power circuitry including the driver output stage. ...
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Dual Line Receivers (Rev. D)

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AN4304 Application note Introduction

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... an external clock. The MAX16834’s integrated highside current-sense amplifier eliminates the need for a separate high-side LED current-sense amplifier in boost-buck applications. The MAX16834 operates over a wide supply range of 4.75V to 28V and includes a 3A sink/source gate driver for driving a po ...
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... levels are completely full. The outermost band that holds electrons is called the valence band. The lowest band that is not filled to capacity with electrons is called the conduction band. Electrical conduction in solids explained in terms of these energy bands and forbidden gaps is called the band ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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