• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
File - Vijay Solanki
File - Vijay Solanki

Introduction to OrCAD PSPICE PSPICE Rules
Introduction to OrCAD PSPICE PSPICE Rules

Technical description APCI-3002 Analog input board - ADDI-DATA
Technical description APCI-3002 Analog input board - ADDI-DATA

... the EN 61326 series (IEC 61326). The limit values as set out by the European EMC directive for an industrial environment are complied with. The respective EMC test report is available on request. ...
Using Piezoelectric Materials for Wearable Electronic
Using Piezoelectric Materials for Wearable Electronic

... entirely by the mid-finger joint. The lowest set of joints, commonly known as the knuckles, is what allows the hand to close into a fist shape as well as perform the grasping motion. It is important to note that the flexing of one or more of these joints causes involuntary movement of other nonflexi ...
Design and Implementation of Firing Circuit for Single- Phase
Design and Implementation of Firing Circuit for Single- Phase

Detection circuit with dummy integrator to compensate for switch
Detection circuit with dummy integrator to compensate for switch

... comparator 42. In this manner, the offset voltages of all integrator 50 which is fabricated alongside integrator 30 three ampli?ers can be compensated by a single adjust in order to provide a replica of integrator 30. It is im portant to realize that no signal is fed into dummy inte 55 ment. Referri ...
CMOS IMAGE SENSORS - A 200dB Dynamic Range Iris–less
CMOS IMAGE SENSORS - A 200dB Dynamic Range Iris–less

... The sensor features a hybrid readout operation to improve DR: voltage-readout operation based on the lateral overflow integration capacitor in the pixel. Current-readout operation based on current amplification and logarithmic compression The voltage-readout circuit with a lateral overflow integrat ...
Chapter 8 Serial and Parallel Port Interfacing
Chapter 8 Serial and Parallel Port Interfacing

IQAN-XC21 Instruction book
IQAN-XC21 Instruction book

... Mounting the module IQAN-XC21 is designed as a in cab module and is meant to be mounted in a protected environment. The housing is designed for stacking multiple modules, providing a high density of I/O in a small footprint. The IQAN module should be mounted according to the following instructions: ...
P6KE6V8(C)A - P6KE440(C)A 600 W Transient Voltage Suppressors P 6
P6KE6V8(C)A - P6KE440(C)A 600 W Transient Voltage Suppressors P 6

... parts. Customers who inadvertently purchase counterfeit parts experience many problems such as loss of brand reputation, substandard performance, failed applications, and increased cost of production and manufacturing delays. Fairchild is taking strong measures to protect ourselves and our customers ...
BU7462FVM
BU7462FVM

... Indicates the maximum voltage that can be applied between the VDD terminal and VSS terminal without deterioration or destruction of characteristics of internal circuit. (2) Differential Input Voltage (VID) Indicates the maximum voltage that can be applied between non-inverting terminal and inverting ...
EMC filters - 3-line filters, Sine-wave output filters 300/520 V AC, 4 A
EMC filters - 3-line filters, Sine-wave output filters 300/520 V AC, 4 A

Electronics manufacture-ESD control
Electronics manufacture-ESD control

... In ESD work, a different definition of ‘time constant’ is usually used in standard measurements, and the time for charge to reduce to one-tenth of its initial value is measured. This value is theoretically equal to 2.3τ. Any material that has a time constant greater than about 2s is considered an in ...
Aalborg Universitet Hierarchical Control for Voltage Harmonics Compensation in Multi-Area Microgrids
Aalborg Universitet Hierarchical Control for Voltage Harmonics Compensation in Multi-Area Microgrids

LTC1064-1 - Low Noise, 8th Order, Clock Sweepable Elliptic
LTC1064-1 - Low Noise, 8th Order, Clock Sweepable Elliptic

... No external components are needed for cutoff frequencies up to 20kHz. For cutoff frequencies over 20kHz two low value capacitors are required to maintain passband flatness. The LTC1064-1 features low wideband noise and low harmonic distortion even for input voltages up to 3VRMS. In fact the LTC1064- ...
Mirror Mate Group 9
Mirror Mate Group 9

...  Features alerts for school zone, ...
PI6C48535-11B
PI6C48535-11B

JEDEC STANDARD
JEDEC STANDARD

... 3 SSTL_18 Output Buffers 3.1 Overview This specification sets minimum requirements for output buffers such that when they are applied within the range of power supply voltages specified in SSTL_18 and are used in conjunction with SSTL_18 input receivers, then the input receiver specifications can be ...
Digital Controlled Street-Lighting TRIAC Dimming without Flicker
Digital Controlled Street-Lighting TRIAC Dimming without Flicker

Battery Model: 34M Part Number: 8006
Battery Model: 34M Part Number: 8006

... Constant Voltage chargers, amperage will taper down as the battery becomes recharged. When amperage drops below 1 amp, the battery will be close to a full state of charge. (All charge recommendations assume an average room temperature of 77°F (25°C). Always wear safety glasses when working with batt ...
the lighter note - AudioRoundTable.com
the lighter note - AudioRoundTable.com

... source is low, the input impedance of the amplifier is high, the connecting leads are short and their capacitance is kept to a minimum. The general principle for determining optimum RTOT values is the 10-10 rule: it should be at least ten times the output impedance of the source and ten times less t ...
here - science
here - science

... d) Current-potential difference graphs are used to show how the current through a component varies with the potential difference across it. e) The current-potential difference graphs for a resistor at constant temperature. f) The resistance of a component can be found by measuring the current throug ...
Fault Detection in Induction Machine by Application
Fault Detection in Induction Machine by Application

... monitor the induction machine operation. The induction machine voltages and currents are measured by means of the four sensors. These four signals are used as inputs of the signal conditioning and the data acquisition board integrated into a personal computer. For those two variables, the sampling f ...
LIGHTNING IMPULSE TESTS ON AIR
LIGHTNING IMPULSE TESTS ON AIR

... understand the fundamental characteristics of the electrical breakdown. Breakdown voltage is a phenomenon where the quantity of an electrical force is required to transform the electrical properties of an object. Many factors that lead to the breakdown voltage are still not fully discovered. These f ...
Active enhanced tunable high-Q on-chip E-band resonators in 130nm SiGe BiCMOS
Active enhanced tunable high-Q on-chip E-band resonators in 130nm SiGe BiCMOS

< 1 ... 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 ... 2207 >

Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report