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THS4521-HT - Texas Instruments
THS4521-HT - Texas Instruments

... The THS4521 is a very low-power, fully differential op amp with rail-to-rail output and an input common-mode range that includes the negative rail. This amplifier is designed for low-power data acquisition systems and highdensity applications where power dissipation is a critical parameter, and prov ...
A Practical Micropower Programmable Bandpass Filter for use in Bionic Ears
A Practical Micropower Programmable Bandpass Filter for use in Bionic Ears

... IONIC ears (BEs) or cochlear implants have been implanted in more than 20 000 people [1]. They mimic the function of the ear in stimulating neurons in the cochlea in response to sound. Fig. 1 shows an overview of a common signal-processing chain: sound is first sensed by a microphone. Preemphasis an ...
Understanding Impedances
Understanding Impedances

... coming from the tweeter! As you might guess, if we gave the name “1st-order” to that kind of crossover, then there must also be circuits that are 2nd-order, 3rd-order, 4th-order, and so on! Those correspond to rolloff rates of 12, 18, and 24 dB/octave, which are helpful for minimizing the problems w ...
Electronic Computer-Aided Design
Electronic Computer-Aided Design

... also right-click on these letters to open up a simpler version of the component value editor window, which too can be used to specify the component value. Letters R1, C1 and V1 are the name of the elements that SPICE uses in their reference. You can right-click and change them to whatever you want a ...
Model Predictive Controller-based, Single Phase Pulse Width
Model Predictive Controller-based, Single Phase Pulse Width

... Applying the internal model principle into the output voltages control in a threephase PWM inverter means that the fundamental frequency mode (50 Hz or 60 Hz) has to be included in the controller since the references vary at this frequency. Elimination of the voltages errors due to the load currents ...
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LTC1731-4.1/LTC1731-4.2 - Single Cell Lithium
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... ground to indicate an end-of-charge (C/10) condition. An external capacitor on the TIMER pin sets the total charge time. After a time-out occurs, the charging will be terminated and the CHRG pin is forced to a high impedance state. To restart the charge cycle, simply remove the input voltage and rea ...
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... In this paper, current-mode second-order square-rootdomain highpass, and allpass filters are proposed by using only a circuit. Literature survey showed that, current-mode second-order highpass and allpass filters are not proposed. The proposed circuit is derived from first-order blocks. The presente ...
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BQ2057 数据资料 dataSheet 下载

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... Human Body Model and IEC 1000-4-2 is higher peak current in IEC 1000-4-2. Because series resistance is lower in the IEC 1000-4-2 ESD test model (Figure 6a), the ESD-withstand voltage measured to this standard is generally lower than that measured using the Human Body Model. Figure 6b shows the curre ...
CF8000 - Ortec
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Marshall JCM 800 2203ZW Zakk Wylde Signature
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... around. In fact, at the time of writing (Jan 2002), they’d just completed their fourth album, ‘1919 Eternal’. In 2001 Zakk also helped Ozzy record his latest release, ‘Down To Earth’. With both bands touring the world this year, 2002 could well be the busiest period thus far in Zakk’s already hectic ...
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A Closed-Loop, Wideband, 100A Active Load
A Closed-Loop, Wideband, 100A Active Load

... allowing simulation of nearly any load profile. Feedback from Q1’s source to the A1 control amplifier closes a loop around Q1, stabilizing its operating point. Q1’s current assumes a value dependent on the instantaneous input control voltage and the current sense resistor over a very wide bandwidth. ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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