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Starting Review Starting Review Simple Reduced Current Simple
Starting Review Starting Review Simple Reduced Current Simple

... even a short time while starting? The Rotor can induce high voltages in the Stator windings that will clash with the system voltage when it is switched back in. • How is this problem eliminated? “Closed Transitioning” in whcich the motor is never disconnecting the power during starting ...
drives mm430
drives mm430

... engineering units. These parameters shall be adjustable for specific project application requirements on site. All setup operations and adjustments will be digital, stored in nonvolatile (EEPROM) memory. No analog or potentiometer adjustments will be allowed. As a standard feature, these variables s ...
Process Variation Aware Synthesis of Application-Specific MPSoCs to Maximize Yield
Process Variation Aware Synthesis of Application-Specific MPSoCs to Maximize Yield

Scaling Analysis of On-Chip Power Grid Voltage
Scaling Analysis of On-Chip Power Grid Voltage

AN1518 Using a Pulse Width Modulated Output with Semiconductor
AN1518 Using a Pulse Width Modulated Output with Semiconductor

LMX2350/LMX2352 PLLatinum Fractional N RF / Integer N IF Synthesizer
LMX2350/LMX2352 PLLatinum Fractional N RF / Integer N IF Synthesizer

... The fractional compensation circuitry of the LMX2350 and LMX2352 RF dividers allow the user to adjust the VCO’s tuning resolution in 1/16 or 1/15 increments of the phase detector comparison frequency. A 4 bit register is programmed with the fractions desired numerator, while another bit selects betw ...
Din-Rail (SPD) Surge Protective Device and Filter for Instantaneous Protection
Din-Rail (SPD) Surge Protective Device and Filter for Instantaneous Protection

... surge protection against harmful transient voltage and high-frequency noise that exceed the nominal operating voltage of AC and DC critical dedicated control loads. The DIN1 PLUS Series unit is installed/connected in either Series or Parallel with the line and the equipment to be protected. The DIN1 ...
AN1518 Using a Pulse Width Modulated Output
AN1518 Using a Pulse Width Modulated Output

... Information in this document is provided solely to enable system and software implementers to use Freescale Semiconductor products. There are no express or implied copyright licenses granted hereunder to design or fabricate any integrated circuits or integrated circuits based on the information in t ...
Measurement methods
Measurement methods

... • The generator “G” generates a voltage drop between transistor Collector and Emitter (VCE0) • The transistor Base is shorted to Emitter (for NPN transistor) • The transistor Base is shorted to Collector (for PNP transistor) ...
Review How to model the behaviour of organic photovoltaic cells Andr ´e Moliton
Review How to model the behaviour of organic photovoltaic cells Andr ´e Moliton

Multiplying DACs Flexible Building Blocks
Multiplying DACs Flexible Building Blocks

Collins KWM-380 owner`s manual 2nd edition 1 January 1981
Collins KWM-380 owner`s manual 2nd edition 1 January 1981

5.2 Circuit Timing
5.2 Circuit Timing

... A timing diagram illustrates the behavior of signals in a digital circuit as a function of time. Timing diagrams are an important part of the documentation of any digital system. They can be used both to explain the timing relationships among signals within a system and to define the timing requirem ...
RA 65/FA 65 5
RA 65/FA 65 5

... Floats of small sizes are nonguided. Size 30 and larger: Partly with guided float. Optionally sizes 9,5 (without limits switches only) and 19 are deliverable. A detailed table is available on request. ...
Ultra Low Noise Spread Spectrum Oscilliators
Ultra Low Noise Spread Spectrum Oscilliators

... Other international communities such as Asia and Australia are also following the same rules. Practically every electric device and equipment generate unintended electromagnetic radiation, which will get worse as technology advances, especially with even faster electrical signals required in PC, dig ...
PAM2305 Description Pin Assignments
PAM2305 Description Pin Assignments

... This formula has a maximum at VIN = 2VOUT, where IRMS = IOUT /2. This simple worst-case condition is commonly used for design because even significant deviations do not offer much relief. Note that the capacitor manufacturer's ripple current ratings are often based on 2000 hours of life. This makes ...
MAX481/MAX483/MAX485/MAX487–MAX491/MAX1487 Low
MAX481/MAX483/MAX485/MAX487–MAX491/MAX1487 Low

... thus allowing error-free data transmission up to 250kbps. The driver slew rates of the MAX481, MAX485, MAX490, MAX491, and MAX1487 are not limited, allowing them to transmit up to 2.5Mbps. These transceivers draw between 120µA and 500µA of supply current when unloaded or fully loaded with disabled d ...
- IEEE Mentor
- IEEE Mentor

... All digital computers work with binary (either on or off) information. Since it is necessary to modulate controlled devices (e.g., motors that operate dampers or valves), a complicated interface device (transducer) is often employed. A better method to use, which has been perfected in much more dema ...
gas_chromot - Piyush Panchal Home
gas_chromot - Piyush Panchal Home

... The basic instrumentation necessary to accomplish the above-described chromatography is extremely simple. It consists of a supply of carrier gas (commonly helium, hydrogen, or nitrogen) with appropriate pressure regulation, a sample valve (described further on) to inject a fixed volume of sample int ...
Attenuators
Attenuators

BE COMPLETE NOTES(click here to download)
BE COMPLETE NOTES(click here to download)

Cookbook for SAR ADC measurements
Cookbook for SAR ADC measurements

... Kinetis devices. If PGA is used it can have significant influence on external RC component selection. Some of DSCs use PGA with switch capacitance gain amplifier which can have even higher demands on external RC components. The main reason is the PGA input capacitance which increases with the gain. ...
Design of a single phases AC-AC
Design of a single phases AC-AC

... on gate current is essentially zero with the only power dissipated at the gate coming during switching. Losses in Mosfets are largely attributed to on-resistance. The calculations show a direct correlation to drain source on-resistance and the device blocking voltage rating, BVdss. Switching times r ...
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE)
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE)

Word - ITU
Word - ITU

... for studies related to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), to safety and to health effects connected with electromagnetic fields produced by telecommunication installations and devices, including cellular phones. The document is intended to be used within the work of ITU-T Study Group 5. Vocabulary ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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