Optical Amplifier Basic Properties and System Modeling
... transmission links. Experiments have shown that it is feasible to transmit at multi-Gbit/s rates in ultra-long distance amplifier cascades with losses of a few thousand dB. For CATV, although the expectations are not so astounding, erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA's) can be used as power amplifie ...
... transmission links. Experiments have shown that it is feasible to transmit at multi-Gbit/s rates in ultra-long distance amplifier cascades with losses of a few thousand dB. For CATV, although the expectations are not so astounding, erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA's) can be used as power amplifie ...
Accurately measuring ADC driving-circuit settling time (slyt262.PDF, 197 KB)
... Many modern data acquisition systems consist of highspeed, high-resolution ADCs.1 CMOS-switched, capacitorbased ADCs are often chosen for such designs due to their low cost and low power dissipation. These ADCs use an unbuffered front end directly coupled to the sampling network. To effectively mini ...
... Many modern data acquisition systems consist of highspeed, high-resolution ADCs.1 CMOS-switched, capacitorbased ADCs are often chosen for such designs due to their low cost and low power dissipation. These ADCs use an unbuffered front end directly coupled to the sampling network. To effectively mini ...
Noise in MOST
... Noise in Devices and Circuits •Noise is any unwanted excitation of a circuit, any input that is not an information-bearing signal. • External noise: Unintended coupling with other parts of the physical world; in principle, can be virtually eliminated by careful design. • Intrinsic noise: Unpredicta ...
... Noise in Devices and Circuits •Noise is any unwanted excitation of a circuit, any input that is not an information-bearing signal. • External noise: Unintended coupling with other parts of the physical world; in principle, can be virtually eliminated by careful design. • Intrinsic noise: Unpredicta ...
5_Oscilloscopes
... Like a television screen, the screen of an oscilloscope consists of a cathode ray tube. Although the size and shape are different, the operating principle is the same. Inside the tube is a vacuum. The electron beam emitted by the heated cathode at the rear end of the tube is accelerated and focused ...
... Like a television screen, the screen of an oscilloscope consists of a cathode ray tube. Although the size and shape are different, the operating principle is the same. Inside the tube is a vacuum. The electron beam emitted by the heated cathode at the rear end of the tube is accelerated and focused ...
AH293 LOW VOLTAGE HALL-EFFECT SMART FAN MOTOR CONTROLLER
... Products described herein may be covered by one or more United States, international or foreign patents pending. Product names and markings noted herein may also be covered by one or more United States, international or foreign trademarks. LIFE SUPPORT Diodes Incorporated products are specifically n ...
... Products described herein may be covered by one or more United States, international or foreign patents pending. Product names and markings noted herein may also be covered by one or more United States, international or foreign trademarks. LIFE SUPPORT Diodes Incorporated products are specifically n ...
555timer - EngineeringDuniya.com
... capacitor C .Here ,both the trigger and threshold inputs are controlled by the capacitor voltage and thus the 555 Timer can trigger itself repeatedly. No external trigger input is applied as in Monostable multivibrator. In this case, two resistors RA and RB are in the capacitor charging path so that ...
... capacitor C .Here ,both the trigger and threshold inputs are controlled by the capacitor voltage and thus the 555 Timer can trigger itself repeatedly. No external trigger input is applied as in Monostable multivibrator. In this case, two resistors RA and RB are in the capacitor charging path so that ...
S280-77-8
... accuracy of ± 5% of the 1000 A full scale level for a balanced, three phase system. The ACMA circuit consists of three isolated phase circuits (see Figure 3). Each phase circuit is the corresponding line current used by the Form 4C control for fault level detection and time–current curve (TCC) opera ...
... accuracy of ± 5% of the 1000 A full scale level for a balanced, three phase system. The ACMA circuit consists of three isolated phase circuits (see Figure 3). Each phase circuit is the corresponding line current used by the Form 4C control for fault level detection and time–current curve (TCC) opera ...
MAX8744/MAX8745 High-Efficiency, Quad-Output, Main Power- Supply Controllers for Notebook Computers General Description
... large input-to-output differentials and high switching-frequency settings, the required on-time may be too short to maintain the regulation specifications. Under these conditions, a lower operating frequency must be selected. The minimum on-time must be greater than 150ns, regardless of the selected ...
... large input-to-output differentials and high switching-frequency settings, the required on-time may be too short to maintain the regulation specifications. Under these conditions, a lower operating frequency must be selected. The minimum on-time must be greater than 150ns, regardless of the selected ...
exp04
... • As information is fed back, the output becomes more stable. Output tends to stay in the “linear” range. The linear range is when Vout=A(V1-V2) vs. being in saturation. • Examples: cruise control, heating/cooling systems Positive Feedback • As information is fed back, the output destabilizes. The o ...
... • As information is fed back, the output becomes more stable. Output tends to stay in the “linear” range. The linear range is when Vout=A(V1-V2) vs. being in saturation. • Examples: cruise control, heating/cooling systems Positive Feedback • As information is fed back, the output destabilizes. The o ...
VOD223T - Vishay
... Parameters provided in datasheets and / or specifications may vary in different applications and performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including typical parameters, must be validated for each customer application by the customer’s technical experts. Product specifications do not ...
... Parameters provided in datasheets and / or specifications may vary in different applications and performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including typical parameters, must be validated for each customer application by the customer’s technical experts. Product specifications do not ...
8_Electronics & Ohm`s Law
... electrical power in a DC circuit? A. Power (P) equals voltage (E) multiplied by current (I) B. Power (P) equals voltage (E) divided by current (I) C. Power (P) equals voltage (E) minus current (I) D. Power (P) equals voltage (E) plus current (I) Volts & Amps ...
... electrical power in a DC circuit? A. Power (P) equals voltage (E) multiplied by current (I) B. Power (P) equals voltage (E) divided by current (I) C. Power (P) equals voltage (E) minus current (I) D. Power (P) equals voltage (E) plus current (I) Volts & Amps ...
Sensitive Stator and Rotor Earth Fault Protection at Hydro Generators
... independent principles for the same protection task. At least the displacement voltage should be available in one group and in the other group the 20-Hz-injection method. Both principles shall be additionally controlled by a frequency tracking. In a transient operating range of a generator between 1 ...
... independent principles for the same protection task. At least the displacement voltage should be available in one group and in the other group the 20-Hz-injection method. Both principles shall be additionally controlled by a frequency tracking. In a transient operating range of a generator between 1 ...
partial discharge test with surge voltage in electric motors
... (Cair). This is illustrated in the middle part of the Figure 2. This is a place, where partial discharge occurs. The consequence of this partial discharge is a slow but continuous weakening of functional parts of the insulation system. The permanent partial discharges will lead to continuous erosion ...
... (Cair). This is illustrated in the middle part of the Figure 2. This is a place, where partial discharge occurs. The consequence of this partial discharge is a slow but continuous weakening of functional parts of the insulation system. The permanent partial discharges will lead to continuous erosion ...
Resistive opto-isolator
Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.