• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
An effective passive islanding detection method for PV
An effective passive islanding detection method for PV

An integrated heterojunction bipolar transistor cascode opto
An integrated heterojunction bipolar transistor cascode opto

... The differential equations (given in the Appendix) that represent the schematic circuit diagram shown in Fig. 7(b) were solved numerically using the MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The down-conversion and up-conversion gains of the single HBT OEM were calculated for RF modulation frequency of 3 GHz and LO ...
SELCO T-Line Generator Control, Protection and Monitoring Short Form Catalogue
SELCO T-Line Generator Control, Protection and Monitoring Short Form Catalogue

Introduction to OrCAD Capture and PSpice
Introduction to OrCAD Capture and PSpice

ADADC71 数据手册DataSheet 下载
ADADC71 数据手册DataSheet 下载

... scaling network. The initial gain and offset errors are specified at ±0.2% FSR for gain and ±0.1% FSR for offset. These errors may be trimmed to 0 by using external trim circuits as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6. Linearity error is defined for unipolar ranges as the deviation from a true straight-l ...
MPA Gold Manual
MPA Gold Manual

... turned off when using dynamic microphones or line level inputs. 2) Although the 48volt phantom power ramps up and down slowly it may still create a pop. Mute the output of the MPA Gold when engaging or disengaging phantom power to prevent damage to equipment following the MPA Gold. Phase switch The ...
MAX4586EUB+T Datasheet
MAX4586EUB+T Datasheet

... tF ...
2015-114
2015-114

c30retro.pdf
c30retro.pdf

Aalborg Universitet Regulation in Low-Voltage DC Microgrids
Aalborg Universitet Regulation in Low-Voltage DC Microgrids

R 12 - Courses
R 12 - Courses

MPX2100 Series
MPX2100 Series

LGK-ID
LGK-ID

Brochure - Controlled Power Company
Brochure - Controlled Power Company

... requirements, the Intellistat TS automatically initiates the testing of all life safety circuits, regardless of egress lighting design (“always on” or “normally off”). The Intellistat TS then compares power consumption during the test period with user-defined load capacity, analyzes the data, and ad ...
LTC4080X
LTC4080X

... charge status indicator pin has three states: pulldown, high impedance state, and pulsing at 2Hz. This output can be used as a logic interface or as an LED driver. When the battery is being charged, the ⎯C⎯H⎯R⎯G pin is pulled low by an internal N-channel MOSFET. When the charge current drops to 10% ...
A DC27-2 Maxstar 150 STH
A DC27-2 Maxstar 150 STH

... allows the operator to choose standard or 2T trigger method to meet the application. Built-in gas solenoid eliminates the need for bulky torch with a gas valve. Adaptive Hot Start™ for Stick arc starts automatically increases the output amperage at the start of a weld should the start require it. Pr ...
Chapter18 - Free-Energy
Chapter18 - Free-Energy

... As a special case, this field can be created by the initial current in the output coil. Which leads to the schematic of "degaussing" ("shifting, moving") with increasing initial current. Here, a "moving, switching, demagnetisation" current is used as the resonant current needed by the input coil. I ...
Aalborg Universitet
Aalborg Universitet

AI34212218
AI34212218

... mitigation of the harmonics at low switching frequencies thereby reducing switching losses. Further, the leakage current is reduced because of the lower dv=dt. The H-bridge multilevel inverter presented in literature has been implemented successfully in industrial applications for high power drives. ...
KD3418211827
KD3418211827

... mainly in rural areas, while adjustable speed drives may require a three phase power grid. Hence we need to convert from single phase to three phase supply to operate the drive system. Parallel converters can be used to improve the power capability, reliability, efficiency and redundancy. Parallel c ...
100-V to 450-V DC, 5-W, 80% Efficiency at 1 W, Auxiliary Supply
100-V to 450-V DC, 5-W, 80% Efficiency at 1 W, Auxiliary Supply

... transient performance. A precision bandgap and error amplifier provides an overall 2% accuracy. Low output noise, very high power supply rejection ratio (PSRR), and low-dropout voltage make this series of devices ideal for a wide selection of battery-operated handheld equipment. All versions of the ...
RPM841-H11
RPM841-H11

... No technical content pages of this document may be reproduced in any form or transmitted by any means without prior permission of ROHM CO.,LTD. The contents described herein are subject to change without notice. The specifications for the product described in this document are for reference only. Up ...
ADL5380 数据手册DataSheet 下载
ADL5380 数据手册DataSheet 下载

... The ADL5382 evaluation board is available. There are two versions of the board, optimized for performance for separate frequency ranges. For operation < 3GHz, an FR4 material based board with the ETC1-1-13 balun footprint is available. For operation between 3GHz to 4GHz, a Rogers material based boar ...
6_2_Oscilloscope Handbook
6_2_Oscilloscope Handbook

... with continuously variable voltages, while digital equipment works with discrete binary numbers that may represent voltage samples. For example, a conventional phonograph turntable is an analog device; a compact disc player is a digital device. Oscilloscopes also come in analog and digital types. An ...
Modelling of Unified Power Flow Controller into Power
Modelling of Unified Power Flow Controller into Power

... where the time constant T is equal to about 0.5ms or less in dependence of inverter characteristics, (Rse , Lse ), (Rsh, Lsh) represent respectively the equivalent impedance of the series and shunt transformer and (Rline, Lline ) the line equivalent impedance. C. Inverter control technique There are ...
< 1 ... 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 ... 2207 >

Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report