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Transformer - KFUPM Faculty List
Transformer - KFUPM Faculty List

... such that the primary ampere-turns are just sufficient to produce the flux necessary to induce an emf. that is practically equal and opposite to the applied voltage. This magnetizing current is usually about 3- 5 per cent of the full-load primary current. When a load is connected across the secondar ...
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AD8310 数据手册DataSheet 下载

... intercept of −108 dBV. The scaling parameters are supplyand temperature-independent. ...
The Current Generators of Proportional to Absolute Temperature
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... transistors (BJT) emitter base junction (EBJ) voltage. The first method is difficult because the operation region of MOS in weak inversion is quite narrow. If any variation in the circuit is introduced, the operation region may drift to another one. From above discussion, the second way is adopted i ...
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Chapter 4.7 - Communication Circuits

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LME49723 数据资料 dataSheet 下载

... LME49723 is below the capabilities of all commercially available equipment. This makes distortion measurements just slightly more difficult than simply connecting a distortion meter to the amplifier’s inputs and outputs. The solution, however, is quite simple: an additional resistor. Adding this res ...
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Octal ECL-to-TTL Translator With 3-State

... Voltage applied to any output in the disabled or power-off state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0.5 V to 5.5 V Voltage applied to any output in the high state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0.5 V to VCC Input current (TTL) . . . . ...
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... absolute value of any complex ac (or ac plus dc) input waveform and gives an equivalent dc output voltage. The true rms value of a waveform is more useful than an average rectified signal because it relates directly to the power of the signal. The rms value of a statistical signal relates to the sta ...
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... 2-4: Rheostats and Potentiometers  Potentiometers  Potentiometers are threeterminal devices.  The applied V is input to the two end terminals of the potentiometer.  The variable V is output between the variable arm and an end terminal. Fig. 2-18: Potentiometer connected across voltage source to ...
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... Model UT420 Digital Indicating Controller is a simple, micro-processor based digital indicating controller with basic control capability and the user-friendly 5-digit large numerical display. The UT420 features as standard many functions which are necessary for various control applications, and all ...
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A novel approach for three phase fault loaction and

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ADuM3400 数据手册DataSheet下载

... regarding uncertain current transfer ratios, nonlinear transfer functions, and temperature and lifetime effects are eliminated with the simple iCoupler digital interfaces and stable performance characteristics. The need for external drivers and other discrete components is eliminated with these iCou ...
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Linear Variable Displacement Transducers

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... current are nonzero during transition. As the switching frequency increases the transition occur more frequently and switching stress increases and average power loss in the device increases. The steep rise and snap of high current increases Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI) due to large di/dt and ...
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Series L9 UL-489 Miniature Circuit Breakers up to 63 Amperes
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... The idea is to use a resistor matrix to cut the both voltage and current and in doing so, we cut the power. Remember, power = voltage x current. We select the correct values of resistors so that we can attenuate both current and voltage at the correct proportion — thus keeping the impedance constant ...
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... With the properties of SiC thinQ! ™ Schottky diodes described above, circuit designers now have a new degree of freedom in optimization of hard switching applications. Power handling capability per Ampere rated current sets a new reference in design rules. Design rule of 130°C junction temperature s ...
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... Deadtime (the denominator) has been arbitrarily held to 10% of the on-state time for a 50% duty factor. Other definitions are possible. td(OFF)I and td(ON)I are defined in Figure 21. Device turn-off delay can establish an additional frequency limiting condition for an application other than TJM. ...
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ACS710 Datasheet - Allegro Microsystems

stepper motor - IndiaStudyChannel.com
stepper motor - IndiaStudyChannel.com

V m sin (  t )
V m sin ( t )

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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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