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Professional Analogue Multi-meter
Professional Analogue Multi-meter

... instrument is not set to current range. The voltage between any socket of the measuring instrument and the ground may not be higher than 1,000V in excess voltage category II, and than 500 V DC/AC in excess voltage category III. Take particular care when dealing with voltages exceeding 25 V AC or 35 ...
Novel Full Bridge Topologies for VRM Applications
Novel Full Bridge Topologies for VRM Applications

F81 User Guide - Funktion-One
F81 User Guide - Funktion-One

... loudspeakers so that their high frequency units are approximately 2/3rds up the screen and then tilt them  so that they aim approximately 2/3rds across the audience area.  ...
HFAN-04.5.1 Measuring Random Jitter on a
HFAN-04.5.1 Measuring Random Jitter on a

... Remove any skew between the channels. Turn averaging on for both channels. Next, adjust the volts per division and time per division, taking care to insure that the rising or falling edge is not too steep. If they are, then the error becomes more pronounced and can possibly take the value outside of ...
Design Considerations For Logic Products
Design Considerations For Logic Products

... Texas Instruments (TI) reserves the right to make changes to its products or to discontinue any semiconductor product or service without notice, and advises its customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that the information being relied on is cu ...
By BARRY SCHWEID, AP Diplomatic Writer
By BARRY SCHWEID, AP Diplomatic Writer

...  Power Metal Strip® resistors, extended range ...
BDTIC
BDTIC

... the data signal and limits the bandwidth of the data channel. This can help to improve the EMI performance. High speed data transmission can be HDMI, DVI, USB2.0/3.0 or systems providing a data rate >100Mbit/sec. Low speed systems works with <100Mbit/sec and even much lower (e.g. analogue and digita ...
Power Supplies for High-Power Piezoelectric
Power Supplies for High-Power Piezoelectric

... I would like to express my sincerely high appreciation to my advisor Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joachim Böcker for his strict confidence, availability and full support throughout the whole period of my doctoral research. Dr. Böcker’s extensive vision and creative thinking have been the source of my inspiration ...
PowerStor - Bussmann
PowerStor - Bussmann

PowerStor®
PowerStor®

Enhanced dielectric AC breakdown strength of polyethylene using
Enhanced dielectric AC breakdown strength of polyethylene using

MAX4558/MAX4559/MAX4560 ±15kV ESD-Protected, Low-Voltage, CMOS Analog Multiplexers/Switches General Description
MAX4558/MAX4559/MAX4560 ±15kV ESD-Protected, Low-Voltage, CMOS Analog Multiplexers/Switches General Description

... the surge current safely to ground. This protection method is superior to using diode clamps to the supplies. Unless the supplies are very carefully decoupled through low-ESR capacitors, the ESD current through a diode clamp could cause a significant spike in the supplies, which might damage or comp ...
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UJA1079A 1. General description LIN core system basis chip

oscilloscope applications guidebook
oscilloscope applications guidebook

... most versatile "tools" for testing, analyzing, and troubleshooting electrical and electronic equipment because it allows you to actually measure instantaneous voltage levels and time periods of electrical signals. Additionally, oscilloscopes allow observation of amplitude changes (glitches), wavefor ...
Manual: Rosemount 1154 Alphaline® Nuclear Pressure Transmitter
Manual: Rosemount 1154 Alphaline® Nuclear Pressure Transmitter

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Active Harmonic Elimination in Multilevel Converters

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Design and Analysis of a Novel Multilevel Active-Clamped Power-Converter T

... ABSTRACT Multilevel converter technology has been receiving increasing attention during the last years due to its important advantages compared to conventional two-level conversion. Multilevel converters reduce the voltage across each semiconductor. These converters also synthesize waveforms with ...
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products - HEINE Resistors

Consequences of the voltage stresses imposed on step
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Labjack - Many Body Nuclear Dynamics Group at Indiana University

Phase Three Three Stage Smart Charger
Phase Three Three Stage Smart Charger

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Aalborg Universitet Liu, Yan

Electron Field Emission from Silicon Emitter Arrays
Electron Field Emission from Silicon Emitter Arrays

ICE-1000/ICE-2000 Emulator User`s Guide, Revision 1.1
ICE-1000/ICE-2000 Emulator User`s Guide, Revision 1.1

$doc.title

... address drivers, clock drivers, and bus-oriented receivers and transmitters. The device can be used as eight 4-bit buffers, four 8-bit buffers, two 16-bit buffers, or one 32-bit buffer. It provides true outputs and symmetrical active-low output-enable (OE) inputs. To ensure the high-impedance state ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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