• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
InSitu Reduction of Charge Noise in GaAs=Al xGa1АxAs Schottky
InSitu Reduction of Charge Noise in GaAs=Al xGa1АxAs Schottky

AN123 - Application and Optimization of a 2GHz Differential Amplifier/ADC Driver
AN123 - Application and Optimization of a 2GHz Differential Amplifier/ADC Driver

... 1.1 LTC6400 Features Linear Technology’s LTC®6400 family of ADC drivers addresses all three issues with a low distortion and low noise ADC driver with reasonable power dissipation. At 70MHz, which is a common IF frequency used in RF/IF signal chains, the LTC6400 family boasts distortion as low as –9 ...
G7J-2A2B-B DC12 Datasheet
G7J-2A2B-B DC12 Datasheet

... 2. The contact resistance was measured with 1 A at 5 VDC using the voltage drop method. 3. The operate and the release times were measured with the rated voltage imposed with any contact bounce ignored at an ambient temperature of 23°C. 4. The insulation resistance was measured with a 500-VDC megger ...
Aalborg Universitet Benchmarking of Grid Fault Modes in Single-Phase Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems
Aalborg Universitet Benchmarking of Grid Fault Modes in Single-Phase Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems

GTL2002 1. General description 2-bit bidirectional low voltage translator
GTL2002 1. General description 2-bit bidirectional low voltage translator

Non-Intercepting Monitor of Beam Current and Position
Non-Intercepting Monitor of Beam Current and Position

air core inductance value variation with number of turns and
air core inductance value variation with number of turns and

... change in electric current that flows through it. This reaction of magnetic field that tries to keep the current flow at a steady rate is called inductance. An air core inductor does not depend on a ferromagnetic material to achieve the required inductance value. A non-ferromagnetic material likes g ...
BASIC GUIDE TO VIRTUAL ELECTRONICS IN SPICE
BASIC GUIDE TO VIRTUAL ELECTRONICS IN SPICE

LTC4213 - Linear Technology
LTC4213 - Linear Technology

... When VON is below comparator COMP1’s threshold of 0.4V for 80µs, the device resets. The system leaves reset mode if the ON pin rises above comparator COMP2’s threshold of 0.8V and the UVLO condition is met. Leaving reset mode, the GATE pin starts up after a tDEBOUNCE delay of 60µs. When ON goes belo ...
Switching Voltage Regulator Noise Coupling Analysis for Printed
Switching Voltage Regulator Noise Coupling Analysis for Printed

... to lab measurements, including a memory VR case study shown in the following. Figure 13 shows a two phase memory VR design denoted as PVDDQ. As shown in the figure, memory connectors are placed next to this VR, hence there are quite a few signal vias very close to 12V FET vias. Input decoupling capa ...
G4DDK 23cm VLNA (Very Low Noise Amplifier)
G4DDK 23cm VLNA (Very Low Noise Amplifier)

... components. When the bias for TR1 is correctly adjusted the drain current will be 1415mA and this will cause the voltage across R4 to be 3.2V, giving a TR1 drain voltage of 1.8. Slight variations on this voltage are to be expected when finally adjusting for optimum performance. The MGF4919G is a dep ...
DBP Series vPD2
DBP Series vPD2

... Low energy and seemingly harmless transients can cause gradual degradation of the sensitive integrated circuits used in network interfaces and CCTV hardware. This will lead to the eventual failure of the equipment. At the other end of the scale are the high energy surges induced by lightning and dir ...
Basic Electrical Engineering for HVAC Engineers
Basic Electrical Engineering for HVAC Engineers

... Power factor of a circuit is a number that can range from zero to one and it only occurs in an alternating current circuit. Inductance or capacitance in a circuit can cause the voltage sine wave and the current sine wave not to be lined up so they do not reach a peak or zero at exactly the same time ...
QS10.241, QS10.241-A1/ -C1/ -D1
QS10.241, QS10.241-A1/ -C1/ -D1

TPA3244 - Texas Instruments
TPA3244 - Texas Instruments

... across the audio band and superior audio quality. With a 30-V power supply the device can drive up to 2 x 110 W peak into 4-Ω load and 2 x 60 W continuous into 8-Ω load and features a 2-VRMS analog input interface that works seamlessly with high performance DACs such as Burr-Brown PCM52xx DAC Family ...
BI32385391
BI32385391

... In order to validating the decomposition of the Bipolar PDM signal the following figures shown the frequency and time domain plots when varying the modulating index of the reference signal  and the carrier modulating index  which also dictates the pulse width of the carrier waveform. As shown in F ...
Fuse Facts and Numbering System
Fuse Facts and Numbering System

... at 25°C and will be af fected by changes in ambient temperature. The higher the ambient temperature, the hotter the fuse will operate, and the shorter its life will be. Conversely, operating at a lower temperature will prolong fuse life. A fuse also runs hotter as the normal operating current approa ...
LOW VOLTAGE TEMPERATURE SENSOR DESIGN FOR ON-CHIP THERMAL MANAGEMENT  by
LOW VOLTAGE TEMPERATURE SENSOR DESIGN FOR ON-CHIP THERMAL MANAGEMENT by

AI LOOK OVER HARDWARE DESIGN – AGENT WITH STATE
AI LOOK OVER HARDWARE DESIGN – AGENT WITH STATE

... (voltage) are used to select for transmission a part of a waveform which lies above or below some reference voltage level. In some applications diodes are combined with operational amplifier(s) to obtain precision limiting circuits [1]. In this paper a somewhat different approach (a functional appro ...
Results
Results

... pounds) resulted in a greater error of 5.1%. Measuring a 110 pound weight with the light range calibration curve resulted in an error of 2.94%, while measuring a 110 pound weight with the heavy range calibration resulted in a smaller error of 0.545%. This supports our hypothesis that measuring ligh ...
Selecting and Using RS-232, RS-422, and RS
Selecting and Using RS-232, RS-422, and RS

... Deciding whether you need a termination resistor or not is only part of the problem in implementing an RS-485 system. Normally, an RS-485 receiver output is "1" if A > B by +200mV or more, and "0" if B > A by 200mV or more. In a half-duplex RS-485 network, the master transceiver tri-states the bus a ...
Evaluates:  MAX9392/MAX9393 MAX9392 Evaluation Kit General Description Features
Evaluates: MAX9392/MAX9393 MAX9392 Evaluation Kit General Description Features

... the EV kit using differential probes or twisted pairs, populate resistor PCB pads R11–R18 with 49.9Ω (0603) surface-mount resistors. In addition to populating resistors R11–R18, terminate the twisted-wire pair with a 100Ω resistor at the far end of the wire. All differential output pairs are laid ou ...
Current Sensor ML23f - CMA
Current Sensor ML23f - CMA

... two 4-mm banana plugs and two additional alligator clips are delivered with the sensor. The Current sensor should be placed in series with the circuit component through which the current is measured. Currents in either direction can be measured. The Current sensor has a very low resistance so that i ...
Evaluates:  MAX17094 MAX17094 Evaluation Kit General Description Features
Evaluates: MAX17094 MAX17094 Evaluation Kit General Description Features

... The EV kit operates from a DC supply voltage from +1.8V to +5.5V. The step-up switching regulator is configured for a +8V output providing at least 300mA from a +2.5V input. The positive charge pump is configured for a +21.5V output providing up to 30mA. The negative charge pump is configured for a ...
Helmholtz Coil Systems - Bartington Instruments
Helmholtz Coil Systems - Bartington Instruments

< 1 ... 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 ... 2207 >

Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report