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BDTIC F3 PWM controller ICE3BS03LJG
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... The Undervoltage Lockout monitors the external supply voltage VVCC. When the SMPS is plugged to the main line, the internal Startup Cell is biased and starts to charge the external capacitor CVCC which is connected to the VCC pin. This VCC charge current is controlled to 0.9mA by the Startup Cell. W ...
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... comparing all these models Ahmed et al. model [1] has been preferred and modified. An algorithm will be developed for the optimization of model parameters to predict the I-V characteristics of nanometer range GaAs MESFETs with different aspect ratios as well as for different bias conditions. The roo ...
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... destructive because the energy is spread over a large area and the protective devices are activated very rapidly by the large current. All types of electrical equipment with a withstand and/or interrupting rating are tested using bolted fault conditions. The majority of the stresses (thermal and mec ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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