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Design of a New External Signal Controlled Polymorphic
Design of a New External Signal Controlled Polymorphic

... changes in transistors characteristics. Engineers are trying to deal with this problem for years until they come up with the adaptive electronics circuit they called polymorphic circuits. Polymorphic circuits are multifunctional in many ways. It has an ability to modify its system and vary with diff ...
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... The function of the current-steering network is to combine adjustable quantities of the output currents from the flat-response and skin-effect compensation amplifiers in order to achieve a desired current ratio. The ratio adjustment is controlled by the dual power-detector feedback loop. The current ...
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ISSUES OF VOLUME RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENT OF SOLID

... electric field. The electrification of the dielectric may also occur in the result of application of an external electric field, for example during measurement of its resistance. The dielectric subjected to an external electric field undergoes electrization. It collects both surface as well as space ...
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... DC current. The characteristics represented on most published graphs usually indicate a fuse’s average melting time when subjected to a certain level of current. The curves will typically demonstrate the ability to carry 100% of rated current. They also represent the fuse’s ability to open within th ...
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... These switches are designed on an enhanced submicron process that provides low power dissipation yet gives high switching speed, very low ON resistance and leakage currents. ON resistance is in the region of a few ohms and is closely matched between switches and very flat over the full signal range. ...
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... Charge Pump Ground. This is the ground return path for the charge pump. Analog Power Supply. This ranges from 3.0 V to 3.6 V. Decoupling capacitors to the analog ground plane should be placed as close as possible to this pin. AVDD must have the same value as DVDD. Analog Ground. This is the ground r ...
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... output voltage waveform due to use of 3 levels (b) Reduced switching loss due to use of 3 levels (c) Reduced conduction loss: Combination of devices having different voltage ratings and use of RBIGBT In addition, Fig. 8 compares the carrier frequency dependency of power dissipation. Basically, power ...
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... capacitive sensors many other variables which can be converted into motion or dielectric constant [1]. The main disadvantages are the presence of parasitic elements, mainly sensor conductance. By issue of advanced silicon technology signal processing circuits for capacitive sensors is no more a diff ...
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... Conventional Enclosed Thermal Current (I the) The normal carry current that does not increase the permissible upper-limit temperature of the Switch if it is a model with its charged part sealed. The rated permissible upper-limit temperature is 65°C if the terminals are made of brass. ...
Section 4 Thyristor General Elec Product
Section 4 Thyristor General Elec Product

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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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