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8873 Tube Data
8873 Tube Data

... intended for use in zero bias Class B or AB amplifiers in audio or radio frequency applications, but may also be used in Class C service or as a pulse modulator or regulator. The 8873 is designed for conduction cooling and is nominally rated for 200 watts of anode dissipation. A beryllium oxide ther ...
Flex Sensor Datasheet
Flex Sensor Datasheet

... Following are notes from the ITP Flex Sensor Workshop "The impedance buffer in the [Basic Flex Sensor Circuit] (above) is a single sided operational amplifier, used with these sensors because the low bias current of the op amp reduces errer due to source impedance of the flex sensor as voltage divid ...
Model neurons
Model neurons

... farads (F) defined as the capacitance for which one ampere of current causes a voltage change of one volt per second (1 F $ 1 V/s = 1 A).! Charge ±QC is stored across a capacitance C leading to a voltage VC=V1-V2 and a current I C. ! ...
Test Circuit
Test Circuit

MS Word
MS Word

... (d) Use the results from parts (b) and (c) to estimate the value of the transconductance gm of the transistor. ...
ANNOUNCEMENT
ANNOUNCEMENT

EUP3409  Dual 1.5MHz, 800mA Synchronous Step-Down Converter
EUP3409 Dual 1.5MHz, 800mA Synchronous Step-Down Converter

... of each cycle. An N-channel, synchronous switch turns on during the second half of each cycle (off time). When the inductor current starts to reverse or when the PWM reaches the end of the oscillator period, the synchronous switch turns off. This keeps excess current from the output capacitor to GND ...
Current Intensity, Potential Difference and Ohm`s law
Current Intensity, Potential Difference and Ohm`s law

3.7 Operational amplifiers
3.7 Operational amplifiers

... If Rin 10K calculate the value of Rf to give a gain of 10 When the circuit is operational monitor the waveforms on the oscilloscope and try different values of Rf to change the gain. With only a single 9 Volt battery a different approach has to be taken to make the device operate as an amplifier. T ...
Photoelectric Effect - University of Colorado Boulder
Photoelectric Effect - University of Colorado Boulder

series circuits
series circuits

... What have we learned today? • In a series circuit, the current is the same at all points. • Is = I1 = I2… • In a series circuit, the sum of all the voltages is the same as the supply. • V s = V1 + V2… ...
PowerPoint Sunusu
PowerPoint Sunusu

... A photoresistor or lightdependent resistor (LDR) or photocell is a light-controlled variable resistor. The resistance of a photoresistor decreases with increasing incident light intensity; in other words, it exhibits photoconductivity. A photoresistor can be applied in light-sensitive detector circu ...
How to Set Control Voltage In an Application Circuit
How to Set Control Voltage In an Application Circuit

... the appropriate range for Vcont. The effect of the control current variation on the PA performance should be acceptable in most applications. ii. Voltage Divider For those applications where it is desirable to have minimum variation in bias condition, two resistors can be used to form a voltage divi ...
Document
Document

... 1. In a typical MOSFET device there is always a trade-off between the on current and the output conductance and the channel doping. Low channel doping is required to get more inversion layer electrons, but that can lead to large output conductance and punchthrough effect. To prevent the punch-throug ...
Experiment No.7 Kirchhoff`s Laws Apparatus Theory
Experiment No.7 Kirchhoff`s Laws Apparatus Theory

... Kirchhoff ’s laws relate to the conservation of energy, which states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed into different forms. This can be expanded to laws of conservation of voltage and current. In any circuit, the voltage across each series component (carrying the same current ...
Lesson 3 – Circuits Analysis
Lesson 3 – Circuits Analysis

... Recall: How do V, I, and R relate in a circuit? _________________ The most basic ways to connect loads are in series and parallel. Series circuits offer _________________for charges to flow (charges flow from one load to the next in series) while parallel offer charges a “choice”. Kirchhoff’s Laws K ...
16.3 and 16.4
16.3 and 16.4

Electrical Measurements and Instruments
Electrical Measurements and Instruments

... connected to the meter in order to measure (a) DC voltage (b) DC current (c) resistance 2. Determine whether you multimeter is autoranging, or whether you must manually select the measurement range. 3. Use your multimeter's resistance mode to measure and record the resistance of the small lamp bulb. ...
Lightning and Surge Protection
Lightning and Surge Protection

... equipment can tolerate when the currents flow in the detector circuits. For this reason additional components are added to act as diverters for the induced signals. There is virtually no protection possible against a direct primary strike of the lightning itself onto the equipment or cables connecte ...
Theoretical Design
Theoretical Design

Error free Sound Activated DOOR OPEN (Triggers
Error free Sound Activated DOOR OPEN (Triggers

... because of the effect of capacitor C2. Allow a few seconds for the relay to be switched off. You can increase or decrease the ‘on’ period by changing the value of C2. A higher value results in a longer ‘on’ period, and vice versa. Do not use a value greater than 47 µF. Biasing resistor R1 determines ...
User`s Guide Model DVA30
User`s Guide Model DVA30

... 12V to 600VAC 200mA (0.2A) AC at 0.2” Beeper (Voltage & Current) Flashing LED (Voltage & Current) 50 to 500Hz 14 to 122°F (-10°C to 50°C) < 80% RH < 2000m (4) LR44 batteries or equivalent 2.1 oz. (60g) 7.6 x 1.2 x 0.9” (192x31x24mm) Category III 600V ...
RB-Pol-214 12V Step-Up Voltage Regulator U3V12F12 Description
RB-Pol-214 12V Step-Up Voltage Regulator U3V12F12 Description

... The compact (0.32"×0.515") U3V12F12 switching step-up (or boost) voltage regulator takes an input voltage as low as 2.5 V and efficiently boosts it to 12 V. The pins have a 0.1" spacing, making this board compatible with standard solderless breadboards and perfboards. Overview These boost (step-up) ...
1 a power supply
1 a power supply

... FUSE 250mA T TO220 isolator ...
FTZ6.8E
FTZ6.8E

< 1 ... 2110 2111 2112 2113 2114 2115 2116 2117 2118 ... 2207 >

Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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