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LOC10a Kirchoff`s Laws
LOC10a Kirchoff`s Laws

... 1. Calculate the equivalent resistance using the measured values of the resistors. 2. Measure the equivalent resistance 3. Calculate the predicted current through each resistor using the measured values of the resistors and the measured value of the battery eliminator. 4. Measure the current through ...
audio amplifier - Kaushik Science Projects
audio amplifier - Kaushik Science Projects

... This is a very useful and simple circuit diagram for amplifying weak signal from a capacitive condenser microphone. You can use this circuit for sound sensing applications and some automatic robotic sensors. We have already posted an efficient audio amplifier circuit using 6283 IC, it is somewhat co ...
Application Note 56 1.2V Reference
Application Note 56 1.2V Reference

example abstract
example abstract

... PETs in the literature. Matrix converters, known as direct AC–AC Power Converters, were first presented by Venturini and Alesina in 1979 and these converters has a great deal of advantages when compared to the DC-link converters. In matrix converters, AC voltage is directly converted into a variable ...
DC1902B – LT4320 Ideal Diode Bridge Controller
DC1902B – LT4320 Ideal Diode Bridge Controller

1 - Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
1 - Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

... A transducer is a device that converts one type of energy to another. The conversion can be to/from electrical, electro-mechanical, electromagnetic, photonic, photovoltaic, or any other form of energy. While the term transducer commonly implies use as a sensor/detector, any device which converts ene ...
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voltage regulators 1

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Carrier Mobility

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Measuring Electricity

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Introduction to LIVM Accelerometers - ISI-BE
Introduction to LIVM Accelerometers - ISI-BE

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Week 6 - Circuits, Power and the Electromotive

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Circuit Analyses. Laboration 1 how to measure Current and Voltage

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... The FC-B34 is a 35 mm DIN-rail or side-mount, selectable bipolar input to unipolar output signal conditioner with isolation between input and output, and isolation between 24-volt power and input/output. The FC-B34 field configurable isolated signal conditioner is useful in eliminating ground loops ...
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... by 10 A). We can see that the power demands escalate rapidly. Power amplifiers generally consist of three major stages, plus a power supply, plus protection circuits. The stages are an input buffer with volume control, a voltage gain stage, and a current gain stage. A traditional amplifier power sup ...
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... connected to the primary port of the relay. When the Irail voltage is 6 V, the secondary contacts are closed. When the I-rail voltage is 0 V, the secondary ports are open. • In the detector circuit there is an adjustable resistor, and a very big inductor in series with the primary port of the relay. ...
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... AC Coupling The Non-inverting Op-amp Circuit • In most cases it is possible to DC couple the circuit. However in this case it is necessary to ensure that the non-inverting has a DC path to earth for the very small input current that is needed. • This can be achieved by inserting a high value resist ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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