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Supplemental Figure 1. Unequivocal distinction of mossy fiber
Supplemental Figure 1. Unequivocal distinction of mossy fiber

Video Transcript - Rose
Video Transcript - Rose

... If I2 is zero that means that port 2 should be an open circuit, so no current can flow into port 2. So V1 divided by I1, when we look at the circuit, is the equivalent of the impedance; or we can call it the equivalent resistance across a and b. No current flows through the 3.3-kilohm resistor. It i ...
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... otherwise dispose of the same, no express or implied right or license to practice or commercially exploit any intellectual property rights or other proprietary rights owned or controlled by ROHM CO., LTD. is granted to any such buyer. Products listed in this document are no antiradiation design. ...
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... 22. Draw a circuit diagram of a common-emitter amplifier using a n-p-n transistor. Prove that in this amplifier, the output voltage is 180 0 out of phase with the input voltage. 23. What is amplitude modulation? Discuss its advantage and disadvantage. 24. The core of an optical fibre is made of glas ...
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... the power-on in stable operation point where the positive and negative input of the operational amplifier are at the ground potential • This unwanted condition is avoided by the startup circuit ...
< 1 ... 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 ... 2207 >

Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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