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... Resistance-type heaters will be provided in the interrupter and operating mechanism cabinets, to prevent moisture condensation. The breaker will be shipped mounted in a substation mounting frame. The mounting frame extension will have a ground pad which will accommodate two No. 2/0 to 250 MCM condu ...
COMBOLIGHT New Construction Recessed w/ Trim - 12V AR70 - 4 Light
COMBOLIGHT New Construction Recessed w/ Trim - 12V AR70 - 4 Light

... opening and to help conceal the inner hardware of the fixture from sight below the ceiling. Can accommodate 0.50" (13mm) to 1.25" (32mm) ceiling thickness. Optional Chicago Plenum configuration available. ...
COMBOLIGHT New Construction Recessed w/ Trim - 12V AR70 - 3 Light
COMBOLIGHT New Construction Recessed w/ Trim - 12V AR70 - 3 Light

... lamps. For new construction applications. Insulation must be kept 3" (76mm) from all sides and at least 1" (25mm) above the housing. ...
COMBOLIGHT New Construction Recessed w/ Trim - 12V AR70 - 6 Light
COMBOLIGHT New Construction Recessed w/ Trim - 12V AR70 - 6 Light

... conductors or 60º C for end of run. The fixture is also UL listed as ‘access above ceiling not required’. ...
Ohm`s Laws and Lines Project file
Ohm`s Laws and Lines Project file

... b. From the equation, determine the slope of this line. c. From the equation, determine the y-intercept. d. Evaluate the current, I, in amps, for voltage V = 0, 2, 4, & 6 volts. Plot the points, (V, I), and draw the line on the graph on the worksheet. e. Based on your graph, what is the y-intercept? ...
Laboratory 7 Bipolar Transistor Biasing and Small Signal Behavior
Laboratory 7 Bipolar Transistor Biasing and Small Signal Behavior

Circuit Theory Laws - Southington Public Schools
Circuit Theory Laws - Southington Public Schools

... • The current flowing through each component (IT, IR1, IR2, and IR3) • The voltage across each component (VT, VR1, VR2, and VR3) • Use the results to verify Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law. ...
Homework 5
Homework 5

... The current flowing through the 10 Ω resistor connected to the lower potential terminal of the battery is equal to the current flowing through the remaining resistors (I1 = I2 + I3 + I4). The resistor is in series with the rest of the system. The equivalent resistance of the entire circuit is theref ...
Calculating Current in an LRC Circuit using Undetermined
Calculating Current in an LRC Circuit using Undetermined

Download PGR-4704 Datasheet
Download PGR-4704 Datasheet

... The SE-704 is a microprocessor-based ground-fault relay for resistanceand solidly-grounded systems. It offers very sensitive ground-fault detection as low as 10 mA and can be used on systems with significant harmonic content. The SE-704 provides feeder-level protection or individual-load protection. ...
University of California, Berkeley Spring 2013 EE 42/100 Prof. K
University of California, Berkeley Spring 2013 EE 42/100 Prof. K

... VCube/Cord = I x (2RCord + 2RCable + RCar) = I x 2RCord + I x (2RCable + RCar) = I x 2RCord + VCord/Cable 114V = 12A x 2RCord + 111V  RCord = 0.125 Ω The measured RCord is 45% greater than what we initially calculated. The increased resistance value could be due to the rising temperature of the wir ...
Theoretical Background
Theoretical Background

... following properties: Infinite gain in the transition region, and gate threshold located in the middle of the logic swing, with high and low margins equal to the half of the swing. The input and output impedance of the ideal gate are infinity and zero, respectively. ...
103_appendix
103_appendix

... When someone with moistened hands grasps small copper wires, the lowest thresholds are about 0.5 mA for 60 Hz, and 2 to 10 mA for dc currents. Both levels will be accompanied by a slight warming of the skin. LETGO CURRENT For higher levels of current, the nerves and muscles are vigorously stimulate ...
Ohm`s Law - Dr. Robert MacKay
Ohm`s Law - Dr. Robert MacKay

... resistor Req=5 W) When 3 equal resistors are connected in parallel the effective resistance is one-third the value of each. (three10 W resistor Req=3.33 W) When 4 equal resistors are connected in parallel the effective resistance is one-forth the value of each. (four10 W resistor Req=2.5 W) ...
7. Electric Currents
7. Electric Currents

... Most electric currents are caused by the flow of electrons. Thus they flow from the negative side of a battery to the positive side. Before they understood this our ancestors arbirarily decided that the direction of the current should be ...
Beam sweep system - High Voltage Engineering Europa BV
Beam sweep system - High Voltage Engineering Europa BV

Ohm's Law - Dr. Robert MacKay
Ohm's Law - Dr. Robert MacKay

... resistor Req=5 W) When 3 equal resistors are connected in parallel the effective resistance is one-third the value of each. (three10 W resistor Req=3.33 W) When 4 equal resistors are connected in parallel the effective resistance is one-forth the value of each. (four10 W resistor Req=2.5 W) ...
External Resistor Minimizes Digipot Loading
External Resistor Minimizes Digipot Loading

... frequency response of a digital potentiometer in VCO control applications by adding a single external resistor between H and W. Digital potentiometer ICs (digital pots, or digipots) are convenient for controlling voltage-controlled devices such as VCOs and as an economical alternative for a DAC. In ...
Appendix 2
Appendix 2

isl8011 - ISL8011 - 1.2A Integrated FETs, High Efficiency
isl8011 - ISL8011 - 1.2A Integrated FETs, High Efficiency

WR10X(W) ±1%, ±5% Thick film Technology General purpose chip
WR10X(W) ±1%, ±5% Thick film Technology General purpose chip

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Elec spring 2013

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Rarely Asked Questions R A Q ’ s Q.
Rarely Asked Questions R A Q ’ s Q.

Translinear Peak Detector Circuit for Sinusoidal Signal
Translinear Peak Detector Circuit for Sinusoidal Signal

... This paper presents a design of a fast peak detector circuit for constant frequency sinusoidal signal based on the translinear principle. This detector is based on the concept of orthogonal function set. The proposed circuit has a very simple, compact structure and handles load changes quickly with ...
Transformer less Power supply Design
Transformer less Power supply Design

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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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