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PAM8603M
PAM8603M

... At this stage it is paramount to notice the necessity of separate grounds. Noise currents in the output power stage need to be returned to output noise ground and nowhere else. Were these currents to circulate elsewhere, they may get into the power supply, the signal ground, etc, even worse, they ma ...
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... value travels from the AC source to these elements in the (+) half cycle of the sinusoidal voltage (Positive value) and the same value is returned back to the AC source in the (-) half cycle of the sinusoidal voltage (Negative value). Hence, when averaged over a span of one cycle, the net value of t ...
AD9224 数据手册DataSheet下载
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... expense of pipeline delay or latency. This means that while the converter is capable of capturing a new input sample every clock cycle, it actually takes three clock cycles for the conversion to be fully processed and appear at the output. This latency is not a concern in most applications. The digi ...
COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES
COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES

... methodology would be algebraic, symbolic, and often Vector based. Examples of problems being solved in the mid-1940s to 50s include, Servo motors controlled by generated pulse (1949), The digital computer with builtin compute operations automatic co-ordinate transform to compute radar related vector ...
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... professional audio industries. This situation is best solved by connector manufacturers designing and manufacturing versions of their decades-old connector types to permit correct 360ø shield termination to the cable and to mating connectors or metal enclosures. In the case of the venerable XLR conn ...
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... higher than expected. But we also would have seen this earlier when we had no compensation installed. The primary reason that our crossover point has shifted is that we have installed this type of compensation network on a first order network without taking consideration of the impedance rise of the ...
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... radiation. o Stars also radiate noise called cosmic, stellar or sky noise. o Important at higher frequencies (VHF and above) because atmospheric noise dominates at lower frequencies. ...
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... In all the above mentioned conditions, decisions are taken in each AVR to maintain the busbar voltage at a given setpoint, keeping also constant the load voltage and trying to reduce the circulating current that appears between the parallel transformers. Moreover, the AVR will keep track of the tap ...
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... large, destructive voltages or currents during surge events, thereby protecting sensitive electronics. The TBU® device operates in approximately 1 μs - once line current exceeds the TBU® device’s trigger current Itrigger. When operated, the TBU® device restricts line current to less than 1 mA typica ...
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... The RS-232 receivers convert RS-232 input signals to inverted TTL signals. Each of the four receivers features 500mV of hysteresis margin to minimize the effects of noisy transmission lines. The inputs also have a 5kΩ resistor to ground; in an open circuit situation the input of the receiver will be ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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