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Slide 1
Slide 1

Application Note 42034 Synchronizing the ML4824 to Wide Frequency Ranges INTRODUCTION
Application Note 42034 Synchronizing the ML4824 to Wide Frequency Ranges INTRODUCTION

... comparator’s output voltage is high, supplying more charge current to CT via Q1 and R4. Conversely, when the sync frequency is less than the controller’s the comparator’s output is low, thereby reducing the controller’s frequency. When the loop is balanced the controller and sync frequency are equal ...
Diodes
Diodes

... The Zener Diode Use the LabView program to measure the V-I characteristic for a Zener diode, the 1N4734, which has a Zener voltage of 5.6 v. (Note: In the forward condition, current flows out of the terminal labeled with the band.) Enter the resulting plot in your notebook. A Zener diode, biased at ...
Electricity - Effingham County Schools
Electricity - Effingham County Schools

... circuits from overheating. • Fuses are small pieces of metal that melt if the current becomes too high. The melting causes a break in the circuit and stops the flow of current. Fuses must be ...
dual full-bridge pwm motor driver
dual full-bridge pwm motor driver

... control of the output current to 750 mA. The outputs have been optimized for a low output saturation voltage drop (less than 1.8 V total source plus sink at 500 mA). For PWM current control, the maximum output current is determined by the user’s selection of a reference voltage and sensing resistor. ...
Applications Circuits: Current Measurement
Applications Circuits: Current Measurement

... amplifier that can withstand unusually high CMV without damage—the INA117. A precision thin film resistor network on-chip divides down the input while simultaneously providing gain in the op amp to bring the signal back up to its original level. In general purpose applications this unitygain amplifi ...
7a- Curr Meas Apps
7a- Curr Meas Apps

exam_01_solution_ake..
exam_01_solution_ake..

LTC6268 DICE - 500MHz Ultra-Low Bias Current FET Input Op Amp
LTC6268 DICE - 500MHz Ultra-Low Bias Current FET Input Op Amp

LF412 Low Offset Low Drift Dual JFET Input Operational Amplifier
LF412 Low Offset Low Drift Dual JFET Input Operational Amplifier

... consequently there is negligible effect on stability margin. However, if the feedback pole is less than approximately 6 times the expected 3 dB frequency a lead capacitor should be placed from the output to the input of the op amp. The value of the added capacitor should be such that the RC time con ...
221 Advanced electrical principles
221 Advanced electrical principles

LF412 Low Offset, Low Drift Dual JFET Input Operational Amplifier
LF412 Low Offset, Low Drift Dual JFET Input Operational Amplifier

... consequently there is negligible effect on stability margin. However, if the feedback pole is less than approximately 6 times the expected 3 dB frequency a lead capacitor should be placed from the output to the input of the op amp. The value of the added capacitor should be such that the RC time con ...
HP 4145B Semiconductor Parameter Analyzer
HP 4145B Semiconductor Parameter Analyzer

... Accurately Measure Wafers and Packaged Devices You can connect the HP 41456 to a wafer prober and test devices in the wafer stage. After a device is packaged, use the supplied HP 16058A test fixture. The HP 16058A includes seven plug­ in test modules for testing many different packages. Shown here a ...
ET 304b
ET 304b

... The superposition theorem only applies to linear circuits and linear circuit responses. A circuit must contain linear elements to be linear. A linear circuit element has a proportional output for a given input. Components that follow Ohm's law are all linear elements. All components covered in the l ...
Lecture 8
Lecture 8

... be in series The current is the same in all resistors because any charge that flows through one resistor flows through the other The sum of the potential differences across the resistors is equal to the total potential difference across the combination ...
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TIP142T

... Doc ID 4135 Rev 5 ...
SGA-4386(Z)
SGA-4386(Z)

SW822 - Curtis Instruments
SW822 - Curtis Instruments

Chapter 21
Chapter 21

... • Hertz hypothesized the energy transfer was in the form of waves (now known to be electromagnetic waves) • Hertz confirmed Maxwell’s theory by showing the waves existed and had all the properties of light waves (with different frequencies and wavelengths) • Hertz measured the speed of the waves fro ...
1. Capacitors
1. Capacitors

Voltage Distortion Cause and Effect
Voltage Distortion Cause and Effect

Resistivity of a Superconductor
Resistivity of a Superconductor

... voltage of a specific frequency and a specific phase. The lock-in then measures this reference signal along with any external noise. However, the signal of interest is amplified considerably while the external noise (of a different frequency and phase from the reference) is averaged to zero. For our ...
Electricity
Electricity

Electricity
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... Explain the shape of each graph ...
Bipolar Transistors 20V 5A VCE(sat)500mV max. NPN Single PCP
Bipolar Transistors 20V 5A VCE(sat)500mV max. NPN Single PCP

... Any and all SANYO Semiconductor Co.,Ltd. products described or contained herein are, with regard to "standard application", intended for the use as general electronics equipment. The products mentioned herein shall not be intended for use for any "special application" (medical equipment whose purpos ...
< 1 ... 1716 1717 1718 1719 1720 1721 1722 1723 1724 ... 2207 >

Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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