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Bipolar Junction Transistor
Bipolar Junction Transistor

... Transistors are three terminal active devices made from different semiconductor materials that can act as either an insulator or a conductor by the application of a small signal voltage. The transistor’s ability to change between these two states enables it to have two basic functions: “switching” ( ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

Physical structure of a n
Physical structure of a n

... source. Current cannot flow in either direction because one or the other of the junctions would be reverse-biased. However, if VGS > VT (threshold voltage), electrons are attracted to the region below the gate, and an induced, conducting n-channel forms between the drain and source. NOTE: ...
MAX4007/MAX4008 High-Accuracy, 76V, High-Side Current Monitors in SOT23 General Description
MAX4007/MAX4008 High-Accuracy, 76V, High-Side Current Monitors in SOT23 General Description

... When using the MAX4007/MAX4008 to monitor APD or PIN photodiode currents in fiber applications, several issues must be addressed. In applications where the photodiode must be fully depleted, keep track of voltages budgeted for each component with respect to the available supply voltage(s). The curre ...
Constant Voltage Sinusoidal Transformers Operating and Service
Constant Voltage Sinusoidal Transformers Operating and Service

Lecture 2: Telegrapher Equations For Transmission Lines. Power
Lecture 2: Telegrapher Equations For Transmission Lines. Power

ZXTN25020DZ 20V NPN high gain transistor in SOT89 Summary Description
ZXTN25020DZ 20V NPN high gain transistor in SOT89 Summary Description

... The possible damage to devices depends on the circumstances of the handling and transporting, and the nature of the device. The extent of damage can vary from immediate functional or parametric malfunction to degradation of function or performance in use over time. Devices suspected of being affecte ...
Applications of the LM3524 Pulse Width Modulator
Applications of the LM3524 Pulse Width Modulator

... TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or the design of Buyers’ products. Buyers are responsible for their products and applications using TI components. To minimize the risks associated with Buyers’ products and applications, Buyers should provide adequate design and operating safeguar ...
RFVC1842 数据资料DataSheet下载
RFVC1842 数据资料DataSheet下载

... RFMD. RFMD reserves the right to change component circuitry, recommended application circuitry and specifications at any time without prior notice. RFMD Green: RoHS compliant per EU Directive 2002/95/EC, halogen free per IEC 61249-2-21, < 1000ppm each of antimony trioxide in polymeric materials and ...
COMBOLIGHT Remodel Recessed Trimless - 120V PAR20 - 4 Light
COMBOLIGHT Remodel Recessed Trimless - 120V PAR20 - 4 Light

... ceilings by allowing the ceiling’s mudding compound to be applied right up to the edge of the fixture opening. Includes a beveled “knife-edge” lips to ensure a clean edge. Can accommodate various ceiling thickness. ...


How to get a high power factor with the HVLED815PF device
How to get a high power factor with the HVLED815PF device

... voltage decreases, but the AC modulation increases and forces to zero the primary current for longer time near the zero crossing (see Figure 3 B). The effect is the generation on the input current a zero crossing distortion, that initially, reduces the harmonics (and THD) of the flyback configuratio ...
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Catalog 3.5

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Hex high-to-low level shifter
Hex high-to-low level shifter

... therefore be used. This feature enables the non-inverting buffers to be used as logic level translators, which will convert high level logic to low level logic, while operating from a low voltage power supply. For example 15 V logic (“4000B series”) can be converted down to 2 V logic. ...
Chapter 18
Chapter 18

High Efficiency Motor Protection Industry White Paper
High Efficiency Motor Protection Industry White Paper

... been selected according to the applicable code requirements with only minimal nuisance tripping. However, in recent years, the problem of nuisance tripping due to the high motor inrush currents that occur during motor starting has gained increased attention. In order to avoid the problem of nuisance ...
Using Analog Components to Manage Power in Low
Using Analog Components to Manage Power in Low

RC Circuits tutorial
RC Circuits tutorial

... 3. At the instant the switch is closed – you have the initial conditions for the circuit. Use the loop equation and knowledge of circuits to determine the initial value for: I= Vc = Vr = Qc = 4. Describe the changes in each of the initial values as current flows in the circuit – Qc Vc Vr ...
Photoelectric Effect - University of Colorado Boulder
Photoelectric Effect - University of Colorado Boulder

... between  10  and  20  readings  of  galvanometer  deflection  (i.e.  charge  the  capacitor   in  0.1  or  0.2  V  steps).  Place  the  Calibrate-­‐Operate  switch  S2  in  the  calibrate   position.  Press  switch  S1  on  the  front ...
Purpose: Use this simulation to observe changes that occur in a
Purpose: Use this simulation to observe changes that occur in a

... Discharge the capacitors by opening the left switch and closing the right switch. Increase the capacitance of the top capacitor. Repeat the charging process. How does the voltage drop across each capacitor compare? ...
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... Mezzanine supply changes from 4v to 5v and is connected directly to the external +5v linear power supply. FADC AD9252 supplies are currently sourced using a 2.5v intermediate voltage. There is one low voltage dropout regulator, LDO, per FADC. These will now be connected directly to the external +5v ...
Three-Terminal Linear Regulator
Three-Terminal Linear Regulator

... extended safe operating area, 1.5-A maximum output current, stable with or without input/output capacitors, and a wide input voltage range of 1.2–36 V. In summary, three-terminal linear regulators have come a long way since they were first introduced in 1969. They will continue to play an important ...
64K x 1 Static RAM
64K x 1 Static RAM

Relays and Resistors
Relays and Resistors

< 1 ... 1540 1541 1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548 ... 2207 >

Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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